1. Warm-Up
Complete on blank sheet of paper will collect this week’s warm-ups.
What injuries do you know of?

2. Review What is the agonist muscle vs antagonist?
What is a good method of stretching?
Why are pre-participation exams important?
What type of athlete would be fast oxidative?
Which type of contraction would you use in early rehab stages? Why?

3. With New Seatmates….
Talk about what you did over spring break and partner/s will have to relate 5 things you did to what we have learned in class.

4. INJURY RECOGNITION UNIT Injury Assessment, Recognition, and Management
Sports Medicine
INJURY RECOGNITION
UNIT
Injury Assessment, Recognition, and Management

5. Types of injury Acute injury:
An injury that is immediate in nature and caused by trauma
What are examples of acute injuries?

6. Types of injury Chronic Injury:
Results from overuse, and is caused by repetitive activity.
What could be an example of this type of injury?

7. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Compression
Force that results in a crush of (soft) tissue usually resulting in a contusion (bruise).
Or fractures to bone

8. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Compression

9. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Compression

10. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Tension
Force that stretches tissue up to and beyond its yield point usually resulting in sprains (ligament) or strains (muscle/tendon).

11. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Tension

12. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Shearing
Force that is exerted across parallel organization of fibers usually resulting in sprains (ligament) or strains (muscle/tendon) or fractures.

13. Injurious Mechanical Forces
Sports Medicine
Shearing

15. Warm-Up
What is the worst injury you have experienced? How did it happen?

16. Review What is the difference between acute and chronic injuries?
What are the 3 injury mechanical forces?
What injuries can come from them?

17. ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Contusion- caused by what mechanical force? Bruise
Depth of which is related to the compressive force applied.

18. ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Contusion

19. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg
Sports Medicine
Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg
Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone
1st Degree- stretched but not torn
2nd Degree- torn but still intact
3rd Degree- Ruptured or completely torn

20. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg
Sports Medicine
Sprains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg
Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone

21. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Sprains
Sports Medicine
Sprains
Stretch or tear of ligament tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone

22. ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Strain-
Sports Medicine
Strain-
Stretch, tear, or rupture of muscle or tendon.
Strains- 1st, 2nd, 3rd deg
1st Degree- stretched but not torn
2nd Degree- torn but still intact
3rd Degree- Ruptured or completely torn

23. ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Strain
Sports Medicine
Strain
Stretch, tear, or rupture of muscle or tendon.

24. ACUTE MUSCLE INJURIES Muscle Cramp
Sports Medicine
Muscle Cramp
Muscle in spasm that will not relax.

25. CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle tissue.

26. CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon.

27. CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa.

28. Warm-Up
Why do you think it is important to know pulses and different locations to find them?

29. Review What is the difference between a dislocation and subluxation?
What are 2 different types of fractures?
What type of fracture is not acute?
What is apophysitis?
What is an example of an apophyseal injury?

30. Pulses
Pulse or heart rate is the number of times your heart beats a minute.
For teens average resting pulse rate would be between 50-90, adults are
Use 2-3 fingers when measuring pulse.
DO NOT USE THUMB

31. Pulse Rates
Tachycardia: very rapid pulse rates: usually over 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia: slow pulse rates less than 60 beats per minute. Not always bad, very fit adults can have pulses less than 60. Not bad as long as symptoms aren’t present with it.
Guinness world record for slowest heart rate is 27 bpm
With your table, use your phones and identify 3 causes of tachycardia and 2 causes of bradycardia

32. Pulses
Carotid Pulse- Neck (between muscles and throat) ______________ bpm/pulse rate
Supplies blood to the head, neck and brain

33. Pulses
Brachial Pulse- upper arm (between Bicep and Triceps) _____________ bpm/pulse rate
Supplies blood to the arm/hand

34. Pulses Radial Pulse- Wrist (Anterior Lateral side)
______________ bpm/pulse rate
Supplies blood to the hand

35. Pulses Femoral Pulse- in groin- Anterior medial side.
______________ bpm/pulse rate
Supplies blood to the thigh & lower leg

36. Pulses in the foot/ankle
Where are your dorsal pedal pulse and posterior tibial pulse located?

37. Partner up: pull out 1 sheet of notebook paper
We will measure our partners carotid and radial pulse.
First we will measure it for 15 seconds and do math
Next we will measure for the whole minute
Then we will switch groups do some moderate activity and measure again.

38. Pulses and injuries
Talk with your table and think about when you would check for pulse with an injury?

39. Warm-Up
What type of injuries do you think are most severe or worrisome? Why?

40. Review
Which mechanical force is likely to cause a contusion or can cause a fracture?
Explain how the tension mechanical force works and what injuries it may lead to?
What is shearing mechanical force?
Differentiate between acute and chronic injuries. (example of each)
What are the degrees of sprains/strains
If I have damage to a joint will it be a strain or a sprain?

41. For Video
Write what the injury was and what type of mechanical force you think lead to the injury.
If not working on the video: Using books or internet; identify the type of mechanical force, structures involved, and the mechanism of injury for the injuries listed.

42. Elbow dislocation
Shoulder dislocation
Patella dislocation
Tibiofemoral dislocation
Lateral malleolus fracture

43. Warm-Up
Can anything be done to help prevent injuries like sprains and strains or fractures from occurring?

44. Review What are the 3 mechanical forces?
What injuries are associated with each?
If someone ruptured their Achilles tendon, what would that be classified as?
What is the term for inflammation of a muscle? Is that acute or chronic?

45. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES Dislocations
Sports Medicine
Dislocations
Dislocation is displacement (joint comes out of place) of the bone ends that articulate to form a joint.

46. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Dislocations

47. ACUTE JOINT INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Dislocations

48. Subluxation
A partial dislocation. The joint begins to dislocate but does not completely dislocate.

49. Warm-Up
What types of fractures do you know of?

50. Review
What pulse do you check to make sure blood is going to the brain?
What are 2 pulses in the arm?
What are 2 pulses in the leg?
What is a normal pulse rate?
What is it called when pulse rate is too high? 1 cause
What is it called when pulse rate is too low? 1 cause
Why do you need to check distal pulse with a dislocation?

51. CHRONIC MUSCLE INJURIES
Sports Medicine
Myositis Ossificans
Inflammation of muscle tissue resulting in mineral deposits within muscle.

52. CHRONIC JOINT INJURY Arthritis (Osteoarthritis)
Sports Medicine
Arthritis (Osteoarthritis)
Inflammation of bone ends that articulate to form a joint. Bone ends are covered by hyaline (articular) cartilage.

53. CHRONIC JOINT INJURY Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Rheumatoid
Sports Medicine
Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) Rheumatoid

54. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Acute Fracture
Break in the bone’s integrity.

55. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Avulsion Fracture
Fracture at the cortex (attachment) of a ligament or tendon.

56. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Apophyseal Injury/Apophysitis
Occurs at origin (proximal) and/or insertion (distal) of tendons.
MOI is overuse as excessive traction is placed on immature cortex (bone attachment).
Can lead to bone swelling and calcification (bump on bone where tendon attaches)
*Sever's Disease, *Osgood-Schlatters Disease)

57. Sports Medicine
Apophyseal Injury

58. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Stress Fracture
MOI is often times result of overuse causing fracture site distinguishable through serial x-ray. Common locations include lower leg, metatarsals.

59. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Stress Fracture

60. BONE INJURY CLASSIFICATION
Sports Medicine
Blow- Out Fracture
Fracture site is located in the bony floor of the orbit (eye).

61. Individually
Come up with a sports specific scenario for the following injuries to occur:
Myositis Ossificans
Avulsion Fracture (identify which muscle pulls on which bone)
Colle’s Fracture
Acute fracture
Blow-out fracture
Stress fracture
Dislocation