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Cell Structure & Function

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Presentation on theme: "Cell Structure & Function"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cell Structure & Function

2 Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the smallest units of life. All cells come from other cells. Cells need energy. Cells have DNA that passes to offspring. Cells are made of the same four macromolecules

3 Cell Theory Scientists
Hooke – named cells; viewed “cork” under a microscope Leeuwenhook – saw living cells and called them “animalcules” Schwann – concluded that all animals were made of cells Schleiden – concluded that all plants were made of cells Virchow – determined that cells only came from pre-existing cells

4 Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

5 Cell Types Prokaryotes – tiny, simple cells with NO nucleus; always single celled; example: ONLY bacteria Eukaryotes – slightly larger, more complex cells that DO contain a nucleus/organelles; two types (plant and animal); can be single OR multicellular; example: dog, human, tree, (anything living except bacteria)

6 Prokaryotic Cells/Prokaryotes

7 Eukaryotic Cells/Eukaryotes
Plant

8 Eukaryotic Cells/Eukaryotes
Animal

9 Identifying Cell Types
If it does not have a nucleus, it is a prokaryote. PRO = NO If it has a nucleus, it is a eukaryote. EU = DO Plant cells are always boxy shaped. Animal cells are usually round, but can be any shape. They are never boxy.

10 In this picture, the black dots are bacteria (prokaryotic cells- too small for a nucleus), the yeast cells are eukaryotes (notice the nucleus) and the scoby is a multicellular fungus. Notice the size differences.

11 Cell Parts Some of these parts are in ALL cells, but most are only in Eukaryotes.

12 Cell Membrane ALL cells
Outer layer of cells; controls what comes in/out Hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer

13 Cell Wall Only Eukaryote Plants and some Prokaryotes (never animal cells) Extra outer layer for support/structure

14 Cytoplasm All cells Jelly like substance that fills the cell; site of some chemical reactions

15 Nucleus Only Eukaryotes
Contains DNA and RNA (instructions) to control the cell Surrounded by a nuclear membrane, so the DNA can’t leave (but RNA can)

16 Nucleolus Eukaryotes Only
Dark area inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made from RNA

17 Ribosomes All Cells Make proteins
Found on Rough ER or floating throughout the cell

18 Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotes only Assembles and moves material around within the cell Rough: proteins, covered in ribosomes Smooth: lipids, no ribosomes

19 Golgi Eukaryotes Only Package and move materials in or out of the cell (like UPS) Packages are called “vesicles”

20 Lysosome Eukaryotes only
Digests or destroys anything needed using enzymes (food, old cell parts, viruses, etc)

21 Vacuoles Eukaryotes only Storage
Very large in plant cells for water storage

22 Mitochondria Endosymbiotic Theory Eukaryotes Only
Breaks down sugar to produce cell energy (ATP) through respiration Used to be a free-living prokaryote Evidence: same size as bacteria, contains its own circular DNA Endosymbiotic Theory

23 Chloroplast Eukaryotic plants only
Site of photosynthesis (using sunlight to make sugar) using green chlorophyll Used to be a free-living prokaryote like the mitochondria

24 Centriole/Centrosome
Eukaryotic Animal Cells ONLY Helps with cell division

25 Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic Cells only Inner support

26 Cell Movement All Cells Cell or material movement Cilia = hairs
Flagella = tail(s)

27 Group Project – The ____ is like a _____, because _______.
Make analogies for the following organelles Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi vacuole Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Chloroplast Centriole Cell membrane Lysosomes Mitochondria Cell wall


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