1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Who discovered cells? Robert Hooke Looked at CORK under a microscope
Thought they looked like Monk Cells, so named them “cells” in 1665

3. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.

4. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
A cell is the basic unit of life.

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

6. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or other cell ORGANELLES
Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS & cell ORGANELLES
Which is more complicated?
REMEMBER YOU ARE EUKARYOTIC!

7. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

8. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

10. “Typical” Animal Cell

11. “Typical” Plant Cell

12. Cell Parts
Organelles

13. The parts of a cell that carry out a function are called cell ORGANELLES:
All cells have the following organelles:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton

14. Eukaryote cells ALSO have:
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Golgi Body Complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Lysosome
Centrioles (ANIMAL ONLY)
Only Plant Cells have all of the above &:
Cell Wall
Chloroplast

15. Plasma (cell) membrane
The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE
Controls what enters and leaves cell
The membrane acts like a BOUNCER only allowing certain things in and out of the cell It is made up of a lipid bilayer
double layer of FAT - "Fat sandwich"
transport through the plasma membrane likely occurs through these globular proteins (Fluid mosaic model)

16. Hydrophilic- attracts water
Hydrophobic- repels water
Why is it important that the cell membrane is made up of small phospholipids?

17. Nucleus cellular control center
Controls cellular activity
contains hereditary material (DNA in chromosomes)
self duplicating structure -divides when the cell divides
Examples: Brain, Principles office

19. Nuclear membrane
surrounds nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and leave

20. Ribosomes sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (makes proteins)
may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

22. Mitochondrion "Powerhouse of the cell"
Makes Energy from sugar and oxygen (cellular respiration)
Energy = ATP
may contain DNA--is self duplicating-- divides when the cell divides
found in greater #s in active cells

24. Cytoplasm
fluid like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
over 80 % water
“HOLDS” cell organelles in place
site of most organelles and cellular chemical reactions
Ex. Jello, Pool

26. Vacuole
Stores food and water
Larger in plant cells

28. Lysosome pouch containing digestive enzymes
digest bacteria and some foods entering the cell
Breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules (SLICE)
breakdown worn out cell organelles

30. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLY
Cell Wall-Gives the plant cell structure & support
EXAMPLE: Brick Wall
Chloroplasts- Site of Photosynthesis
Uses the sun’s energy to make food for the plant

31. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place