1. Complex Patterns of Inheritance

2. Determining Gender Gender is determined by the sex chromosomes.
Males are XY
Females are XX

3. Incomplete Dominance
Phenotype of heterozygous individual is a mix between the dominant and recessive trait.
Example: Red (RR) flower and white (rr) flower produce pink flower (Rr).

4. Codominance Heterozygous genotype will express both alleles equally.
Ex: in blood types, A and B are codominant, O is recessive
Type A = AA or AO
Type B = BB or BO
Type AB = AB
Type O = OO

5. Polygenic trait Controlled by two or more genes.
Ex: eye color, skin color, fingerprints

6. Multiple Alleles 3 or more different forms of a gene.
Ex: hair color (blonde, red, black, brown, etc.)

7. Linked Genes
Genes located on the same chromosome, tend to be inherited together.
The closer the two genes are, the more likely they will be inherited together.

8. Sex Linked Trait
Trait is determined by a gene on a sex chromosome.