1. Unit 2
Drug Use
Drug Misuse
Drug Abuse

2. What is the difference between medicines & drugs?
Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions.
Drugs are substances other than food that changes the structure or function of the body or mind. Drugs are stimulating in nature and substance and have a high potential to be addicting.
*All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines!

3. Functions of Medicines and Drugs:
Help prevent disease Ex: vaccines
Fight pathogens Ex: antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral
Relieve pain and other symptoms Ex: Analgesics (anti inflammatory & opiods), antihistamines
Manage chronic conditions, restore health, and regulates body’s systems
Ex: asthma medications, and blood pressure medications, cancer medications, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications

4. 7 Categories of Drugs:
Natural Remedies Ex: acupuncture, herbal medicines, yoga, meditation
OTC (Over the counter)Ex: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, acetaminophen
Prescription Ex: Claritin, Prozac, Xanax, Oxycontin, etc.
Tobacco Products Ex: cigarettes and smokeless tobacco
Alcohol Ex: beer, liquor, wine, etc.
Illegal Ex: marijuana, heroin, etc.
Unrecognized Ex: caffeine or inhalants

5. How Drugs are Administered
Medicines can be delivered to the body in many ways:
Oral (by mouth- tablets, capsules, liquids)
Topical (applied to the skin – lotion, patch, cream, jel)
Inhaled (by nose or mouth- mist or powder)
The fastest way medicine is taken for the body to respond is? INJECTION (shots)

6. Reactions to medications
Side effects – reactions to medicine other than the one intended.
Medicine Interactions
Additive interaction – the interaction of two or more medicines with the sum being equal to their separate effects. Ex: NSAIDS (ibuprofen/aspirin) & simple analgesic (acetaminophen) = 2
Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect. Ex :depressant & alcohol or aspirin & warfarin = 6
Antagonistic interaction – the interaction of two or more medicines where the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced Ex: cocaine & heroin or caffeine & alcohol 1 +1 = 0

7. People take drugs in 3 different ways:
Drug Use
Drug Misuse
Drug Abuse

8. Drug Use Taking medicine properly and its correct dosage
Example: following directions from your Dr.’s prescription

9. Drug Misuse Using a medicine in ways other than the intended use.
Examples:
Taking the wrong amount accidently
Taking twice as much to make you feel better
Stop taking it too soon
Taking medicine prescribed to someone else to feel better

10. Drug Abuse Intentionally taking medication for nonmedical reasons
Examples:
Taking a medicine that is legal to get high or drunk
Using it to lose weight
Using illegal drugs
Using it underaged

11. Drug Classes OTC Prescription Stimulants Depressants Opiates/Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Club/Designer
Inahalents
Performance Enhancers

12. Common OTC analgesic medicine:
Standard Medicines
Over-the-counter – medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription
1. OTC:
Common OTC analgesic medicine:
Aspirin - Bayer
Acetaminophen – Tylenol or Midol
Ibuprofen – Advil or Motrin
Naproxen sodium - Aleve
* Some OTC medicines are controlled

13. Example of an OTC controlled?
Cold medications that contains an ingredient pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine must be kept behind the pharmacy counter.
These medications are used to make highly addictive, illegal drugs - METH

14. Reye’s Syndrome
A condition that can cause liver and brain swelling associated with the use of Aspirin by children and adolescents.
Follows the onset of a viral infection such as the flu or chicken pox.
Symptoms and signs include confusion, weakness, decreased consciousness, and seizures. Seek medical attention if any of these signs/symptoms are observed.

15. Prescription Drugs
Medicines that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse practitioner.
A prescription always has a required dose
What is dose? The exact amount of a drug.
Commonly Prescribed drugs:
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) – cholesterol
Zolpidem (Ambien) - insomnia
Alprazolam (Xanax) - anxiety
Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall)- hyperactivity
Oxycodone (Oxycontin) – severe pain

16. How drugs affect your health
Physically
Overdose: a serious, sometime fatal reaction to a large dose of a drug
Tolerance: reaction to the drug is reduced over time
Mentally
Flashback: an unexpected return to an unpleasant LSD experience, often months after the original experiences ended. Unsure of the cause.
Addiction: A psychological/physiological dependence of a drug.

17. Illicit Drug Use
selling, using or purchasing of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted
A sign of drug abuse is Dilated Pupils, glazed eyes, weight loss/gain, physical appearance changes
Symptoms include behavior changes, risks taking, relationship problems, reduced inhibition, paranoia, mood swings
A sense of great well being and pleasure brought
on by some drugs, also called the “HIGH”
Euphoria

18. Performance Enhancers
Psychoactive drugs
Psychoactive Drugs: chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the brain
Stimulants
Depressants
Opiates (narcotics)
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Club/Designer Drugs
Inhalants
Performance Enhancers

19. Stimulants drugs that speed up the CNS.
1. Cocaine – Illegal. Inhaled (through nose) or diluted and injected
“Coke” “Snow”
2. Crack – Illegal. Free base form of cocaine that is heated and smoked. “Rock”
3. Amphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat ADHD. Pill form. “Road Dope”
4. Methamphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat obesity. Can be swallowed, inhaled, smoked or injected. “Meth” “Speed”
Increase heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, depression, paranoia, injury, heart failure, coma, and death.

20. Depressants known as a sedative, drugs that tend to slow the CNS.
1. Tranquilizers – Legal with prescription used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill or capsule form. “Bennies”
2. Barbiturates – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Downers” “Barbs”
3. Benzodiazepines – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Benzos” “BZDs” “Goof Balls”
Slow heart rate and respiration rate, lower blood pressure, respiratory failure, coma, and death.

21. Opiates/Narcotics
Drugs such as those synthesized from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain.
Heroin – Illegal. Injected, smoked, or sniffed. “Dope” “Smack”
2. Morphine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “TNT”
3. Codeine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Cody” “School Boy”
4. Oxycodone (OxyContin) – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Drug Store Heroin” “Oxycotton”
Slow/shallow breathing, constipation, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory failure, coma, and death.

22. Hallucinogens
Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and scene perception, including vision, hearing, smell and touch.
PCP (Phencyclidine)- Illegal. Liquid, powder, or pill form. “Angle dust” “peter pan” “lethal weapon”
2. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)– Synthesized from fungus that grows on rye or grains. Capsule or absorbent paper (tabs). Illegal. “Acid”
3. Mescaline (psychedelic alkaloid)- Illegal. From the Peyote Cactus or synthesized in pill form. “Buttons”
Increase heart rate and respiration rate, hallucinations, flashbacks, mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, coma, and death.

23. Marijuana
A plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are smoked or taken orally for their intoxicating effects. Most widely used illegal drug.
ST Memory Loss, anxiety, Suppressed immune system, Impaired coordination/reaction time, Hallucinations
“weed” “dope” “ganga” “Mary Jane” “pot”
Marijuana – illegal. THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the psychoactive ingredient.

24. Club/Designer Drugs
Synthetic drug that are similar in chemistry to certain illegal drugs. “Designer Drugs”
1. GHB – illegal “Date Rape” “Liquid Ecstacy”
GHB = Gamma hydroxybutyric acid
2. Rohypnol – illegal “Rophies”
3. Ketamine – illegal “Special K” “Vitamin K”
4. Ecstasy – illegal “Rave or party drug”
MDMA = 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
“Molly” “Candy”
Mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, accidental injury, coma, and death.

25. Inhalants
Huffing (inhaling) household products for the effects (high).
Household products – such as glue, gasoline, nail polish remover, lighter fluid, aerosols, bleach, spray paint, etc.
Can cause hallucinations, depression, loss of coordination, hypoxia leading to damaged organs, central nervous system, brain cells

26. Performance Enhancers
Drugs used for increase of physical appearance or performance. Injected or taken orally in pill or capsule form.
Anabolic-Androgenic Steriods – Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones. Anabolic (muscle building). Androgenic (increased male characteristics). Cardiovascular health problems, mood swings, liver/kidney problems. Males- testicular atrophy, development of breast, baldness, low sperm count. Females- facial hair, deepened voice, menstrual cycle changes
Stimulants- ephedrine (legal speed)
Ergogenic Aids- Creatine (ATP production)
Blood Doping- Erythropoietin (stimulate red blood cell production)