1. Key points on Edexcel Physics (P1)

2. Visible light and the solar system
Telescopes have allowed a greater detail of planetary bodies to be seen
Different telescopes can detect waves from different parts of the EM spectrum
Detecting radio/microwaves allows objects not visible to be seen
Telescopes contain lenses which change the direction of light rays

3. The electromagnetic spectrum
Microwaves like light, radio or microwaves do not need a medium to travel
Wave energy increases as wavelength decreases in the EM spectrum
All waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum
Some EM waves can be useful(X-rays) and/or harmful (gamma rays)

4. Universe Telescopes have increased our understanding of the universe
Stars go through a life cycle starting with a cloud of dust being pulled together by gravity
The big bang theory is the current accepted model that the universe is expanding
The red-shift and cosmic microwave background radiation are evidences supporting this theory

5. Waves and the earth
Frequency is the number of waves/vibrations per second (Hertz-Hz).
Infrasound have a frequency of <20Hz and Ultrasound >20KHz
Some animals use infrasound to communicate. Ultrasound is used in scanning and sonar imaging
Seismic waves are produced by earth movements or explosions
P-waves (longitudinal) travel faster and have more energy than S-waves(transverse).

6. Generation and transmission of electricity
Non-renewable sources of energy are coal, oil, gas and nuclear
Renewable sources of energy are wind, solar, geothermal, waves, tidal, hydro.
Electricity is generated by rotating a coil of wire between two magnets.
The electricity is transmitted via the national grid (power stations>step-up transformers>pylons>step-down transformers>homes/factories

7. Energy and the Future
Types of include thermal, light, sound electrical, elastic, gravitational, nuclear
Energy transfers take place in most devices and appliances. Example; electrical to heat and light
Energy is not created to destroyed but transformed into another.
The more efficient the device, the more useful energy it transforms.
A constant temperature is achieved when input and output energy are balanced.

8. Tips Read through the question twice and understand what is needed.
Start with the question YOU know well NOT always with QUESTION 1
Do not spend more than 10min in a question.
Show working/Calculations
Read through your answer twice
Attempt all questions
Good luck