1. Commonality of HIV Infection and pregnancy
Learning Objectives for this session
Identify the causes and consequences of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy
Explain the ways in which the causes and consequences of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy are similar or overlapping
Explain how having an understanding of the root causes and consequences of unintended pregnancy and HIV infection can help us be better service provider.
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

2. Commonality of HIV Infection and pregnancy
The root causes of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy overlap and are both influenced by a variety of social, economic and biological factors.
The consequences of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy affect far more people than the clients seeking services - they affect their families, children, sexual partners, and communities.
If care providers understood the root causes and consequences of unintended pregnancy and HIV infection, we can start appreciating the social context that influences individual behavior.
Armed with this knowledge we can be better counselors to our clients on how to prevent STI/HIV infections and unintended pregnancies.
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

3. Some factors influencing the growth of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic

5. Group Work: The Problem Tree
Problems-: HIV Infection and Unintended pregnancy
The trunk of the tree represents the problem
The roots represent the factors contributing to the problem (or causes)
The branches symbolize the results (or consequences) of the problem.
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

6. Commonality of HIV Infection and pregnancy
Discussion points;
What similarities do you see among the root causes of these two problems? Any differences?
What similarities do you see among the consequences of these two problems? Any differences?
Who is affected by the consequences in each?
What kinds of interventions are needed to address the roots (causes) of these problems?
What are your roles as a providers in addressing these problems?
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

7. Commonality of HIV Infection and pregnancy
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

8. DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003
HIV Infection - Causes
Men having multiple sexual partners
Young people’s lack of access to sexual health information and condoms
Women's inability to communicate or initiate communication with partner(s) about sexual matters or desires,
Women's inability to refuse sexual activities or to negotiate condom use
Women’s biological vulnerability
Lack of awareness,denial or education related to prevention of HIV
Social circumstances that facilitate behaviors that increase the risk of infection:
-Commercial sex work
-Migrant work
- Alcohol / Injection drug use
-People having multiple sexual partners without using condoms
- erratic availability of condoms
Absence or inaccessibility of service that provide information about HIV prevention
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

9. HIV Infection- Consequences
Social isolation
Orphans
Increased medical expenditures
Stigma and discrimination
Job loss or loss of benefits
Reduced income generating ability/opportunities due to illness
Compromised immune system
Progression to HIV disease and opportunistic infections
Transmission of HIV to uninfected partners
Transmission of HIV to baby (pregnant or breastfeeding woman)
Marital discord or broken families
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

10. Unintended Pregnancy - Causes
Social pressure for women to have multiple children
Women's inability to communicate or initiate communication with partner(s) about sexual matters or desires,
Women's inability to decide the number of children and when she will have children
Young people’s lack of access to FP information and services
Fear of broken relationship if refusing to have child(ren)
Fear of social rejection if not wanting to have child(ren)
Shame or guilt for not wanting children in a society that highly values children
Lack of awareness or education related to prevention of unintended pregnancy.
Absence or inaccessibility of services that provide information about preventing pregnancy.
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

11. Unintended Pregnancy - Consequences
Financial hardship (food, clothing, education, health care)
Limited income generating ability
Emotional demands of childrearing
Compromised health, if not well spaced (2-3 yrs)
Marital discord or strained relationship
Increased risk of induced termination of pregnancy with associated health risks (hemorrhage, infection, sterility, death)
Potentially underdeveloped child(ren)--physically, emotionally, educationally.
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003

12. Integrate Family Planning and HIV Services
HIV/AIDS
Services
DRAFT ©MOH/JHPIEGO – September 2003