1. The Mediterranean Front

2. The Gallipoli Disaster
Purposes of campaign:
Seize & secure Dardanelles
Take Ottoman capital, Constantinople
Establish supply line to Russia
Mount offensive into Austria-Hungary

3. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Lasted from Feb. to Dec. (1915)
Allies suffered 250,000 casualties
Allies eventually give up

4. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

5. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

6. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

7. The Tsar with General Brusilov

8. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

9. Today’s Standard Essential Question
examine the geographic factors and their significance in the development of military strategies, locate and discuss the significance of the theaters of battle.
Essential Question
What role does geography play in the development of military strategy and how does this lead to the stale mate of Trench Warfare in WWI?

10. A Multi-Front War

11. Trench Warfare

12. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

13. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive. Feb. 1916 – Dec. 1916
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
Germans gain 4 miles

14. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
British gained 5 miles

15. Major Turning Points 1st Battle of the Marne – ended Schlieffen Plan
Battle of Tannenburg – gives German’s upper hand in East
Russian Revolution – ends two front war for Germany
U.S. Entry – increases Allied soldier Morale
2nd Battle of the Marne – Central Powers loose and Allies have upper hand

16. The “Colonial” Fronts

17. Sikh British Soldiers in India

18. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

19. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

20. Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

21. The Armenian Genocide

22. Today’s Standard
Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman governments actions against Armenian citizens.
What was the Armenian Genocide? Explain its effects.

23. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

24. Fighting in the East Armenian Genocide
Genocide – the systematic murder of an entire group of people
Turkish government attempts to wipe out Armenians in Turkish empire.

25. Armenian Genocide 2.5 million Armenians in Turkish Empire
Armenians are Christian
Thought to be traitors of the Muslim empire
Obstacle to an all Turkish empire (extreme nationalism)

26. Armenian Genocide
April 24th, 1915 – 100’s of Armenians arrested – executed, imprisoned, or deported
1000’s of women and children deported to Syrian desert – died of starvation and thirst
Men executed.

27. Armenian Genocide From 1915 to around 1919 –
1,500,000 of the 2,500,000 Armenians killed

28. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800