2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Causes of the War

4. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

5. Importance of Nationalism  Nationalism is a devotion to the interest of one's nation.  Great feelings of national pride was characterized by Germany and Italy.  While nations such as France, Italy, and Germany used nationalism to unite their populations, other countries were torn apart by ethnic tension.  Nationalism in one way increased tension in Europe.

6. The “ Spark ”

7. The Assassination of the Archduke  Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria visited Bosnia capital on June 28, 1914.  Seven assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him.  19 year old Gavrilo Princip shot the Archduke and his wife.

8. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

9. The Assassination: Sarajevo

10. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

11. Who’s To Blame?

12. System of Alliances  Web of treaties to protect themselves from attack  Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy.  Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain.

13. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

14. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

15. Europe in 1914

16. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

17. Austria-Hungary Ultimatum  Germany gave “blank check” support to Austria.  Austria gives ultimatum to Serbia.  Serbia refuses to let Austria officials run an investigation in Serbia.

18. The Alliance leads to War  Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary.  Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war:  Germany declared war on Russia and France.  Britian declares war on Germany.

19. The Schlieffen Plan

20. German Atrocities in Belgium

21. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

23. Recruitment Posters

24. A Young Australian Recruit

25. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

28. Women and the War Effort

29. Financing the War

30. For Recruitment

31. Munitions Workers

32. French Women Factory Workers

33. German Women Factory Workers

34. Working in the Fields

35. A Woman Ambulance Driver

36. Red Cross Nurses

37. Women in the Army Auxiliary

38. Russian Women Soldiers

39. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

40. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

41. Australian Poster

42. American Poster

43. Financing the War

44. German Poster Think of Your Children!

45. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

46. A Multi-Front War

47. The Western Front

48. Trench Warfare

49. “No Man’s Land”

50. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

51. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

52. War Is HELL !!

53. Sacrifices in War

54. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

55. The Eastern Front

56. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

57. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

58. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

59. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

60. The Tsar with General Brusilov

61. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

62. Sikh British Soldiers in India

63. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

64. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

65. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

66. America Joins the Allies

67. The Sinking of the Lusitania

68. The Zimmerman Telegram

69. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

70. Americans in the Trenches

71. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

72. French Renault Tank

73. British Tank at Ypres

74. U-Boats

75. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

76. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

77. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

78. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

79. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

80. The Zeppelin

81. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

82. Poison Gas Machine Gun

83. “ Art ” of World War I

84. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

85. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

86. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

87. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

88. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

89. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

90. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

91. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

92. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

93. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

94. World War I Casualties

95. Treaty of Versailles  Reparations: Germany eventually had to pay $31 million in war damages over 30 years  Armaments: Germany had to decrease ½ their troops and get rid of war planes  War Guilt: Accept total fault for the war  League of Nations: Created to enforce treaties but Germany and Russia could not join  Rhineland: Demilitarized  Alsace-Lorraine: Returned to France

96. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

97. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800