1. Alkanes and Industry

2. You already know organics!
Natural Gas
Coalbed methane
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil
Oil Sands / Bitumen
Coal

3. Catalytic Cracking
The large molecules are broken down with heat / catalysts to produces smaller, more usable molecules
Thermal Cracking uses high temperatures and pressures however produces a lot of coke
Hydrocracking is combined with hydrogenation and is used for aromatics, no coke is produced

4. Fractional Distillation
Separates different petrochemicals based on their molar mass and boiling point
Smaller petrochemicals boil first and rise to the top
This separation is very important to industry

5. Alkanes Saturated = ALL SINGLE BONDS End in “ane”
Branches are numbered so longest branches are lowest # possible

6. Steps to Naming Alkanes
Find longest continuous chain, assign numbers and ROOT name, ending in ”ane”. ROOT name is the final part of the alkane name
Number branches and determine prefix for each, assign suffix “yl” for each branch
Place the branches in alphabetical order in front of root, if more than one, include Greek prefixes
Assign position numbers in front of branches

7. Examples

8. Examples 3,3,4,5-tetramethyl decane 3-ethyl 5-methyl octane
4-butyl, 3-ethyl, 2,6-dimethyl nonane
4-ethyl 2,3,3-trimethyl heptane