1. Chapter 22, Collective Behavior And Social Movements
Key Terms

2. emergent norm theory Theory that describes how crowds can be both emergent forms of behavior and socially organized.
expressive crowds Primary function is the release or expression of emotion.

3. convergence theory Explains riots by focusing on the participants in riots and presupposes that rioters are acting on predispositions and attitudes.
competition theory Conflicts between different groups can erupt into riots when these groups have to compete for limited resources.

4. collective preoccupations Forms of collective behavior wherein many people over a relatively broad social spectrum engage in similar behavior and have a shared definition of their behavior as needed to bring social change or to identify their place in the society.

5. scapegoating When a group collectively identifies another group as a threat to the perceived social order and incorrectly blames the group for problems they have not caused.
social movements An organized social group that acts with some continuity and coordination to promote or resist change in society or other social unit.

6. personal transformation movements Aim to change the individual, focus on development of new meaning within individual lives.
social change movements Aim to change some aspect of society.

7. reactionary movements organize to resist change or to reinstate an earlier social order that participants perceive to be better.  
mobilization The process by which all social moments and other leaders secure people and resources for the movement.

8. resource mobilization theory An explanation of how social movements develop that focuses on how movements gain momentum by gathering resources, competing with other movements and mobilizing the resources available to them.

9. political process theory Movements achieve success by exploiting a combination of internal factors and external factors.  
frames Schemes of interpretation that allow people in groups to perceive, identify and label events within their lives that can become the basis for collective action.

10. new movement theory Links culture, ideology, and identity conceptually to explain how new identities are formed within social movements.