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Course ILT Bus structures Unit objectives Describe the primary types of buses Define interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Describe the features and functions of the PCI bus, and install and configure a PCI adapter card Describe the features and functions of the various video buses, and install and configure an AGP adapter card
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Course ILT Topic A Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses
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Course ILT Buses Communication pathway Four types –Address –Data –Expansion –Video
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Course ILT PCI bus slots
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Course ILT An AGP video bus slot
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Course ILT The riser bus Brings the basic wiring and control of a function to a motherboard Decreases cost Three riser standards: –Advanced Communication Riser (ACR) –Audio/Modem Riser (AMR) –Communication and Networking Riser (CMR)
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Course ILT Activity A-1 Examining buses
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Course ILT Topic B Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses
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Course ILT System interaction Gain the attention of the CPU Access shared memory locations Extend the system BIOS Transfer data across the bus
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Course ILT Interrupts Signal CPU that attention is needed –CPU stops what it was doing –Services the device request –Returns to its previous task Polling –Inefficient alternative to interrupts
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Course ILT Running processes
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Course ILT IRQs Numerical addresses Help CPU identify interrupt source Enforce priority of interrupts Common IRQs –IRQ 1: Keyboard –IRQ2: Cascade IRQs 9-15 –IRQ4: COM1 –IRQ6: Floppy –IRQ12: PS/2 mouse –IRQ14: Primary IDE hard drive
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Course ILT Assigning IRQs Manually assign for older PC designs –DIP switches –Jumpers –Proprietary software Common for conflicts Plug and Play (PnP) in new PC designs
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Course ILT Device Manager - IRQs
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Course ILT Activity B-1 Examining running processes and IRQ assignments
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Course ILT I/O addresses Identify section of shared memory Range of memory addresses Hexadecimal
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Course ILT Device Manager–I/O addresses
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Course ILT Activity B-2 Viewing your computers I/O address assignments
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Course ILT DMA channels DMA controller relieves CPU DMA channels Largely replaced by other techniques
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Course ILT Device Manager–DMA channels
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Course ILT Activity B-3 Viewing your computers DMA channel assignments
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Course ILT Base memory addresses Starting memory address of BIOS extensions –Display adapters –SCSI controllers –IDE controllers
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Course ILT Device Manager–Base memory
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Course ILT Activity B-4 Viewing your computers base memory address assignments
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Course ILT Topic C Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses
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Course ILT PC/XT bus 8-bit bus –IBM PC and IBM XT 4.77 MHz clock speed 1.6 Mbps maximum data transfer rate (0.4 MBps) Supported IRQs 0-8 Configured with DIP switches or jumpers
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Course ILT PC/XT card
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Course ILT DIP switches and jumpers
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Course ILT PC/AT and ISA bus 16-bit bus –IBM AT, clones, 80386/486, current PCs 8 MHz clock speed 8 MBps maximum data transfer rate
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Course ILT ISA adapter
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Course ILT ISA expansion bus slot ISA slot
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Course ILT PCI bus 32- or 64-bit bus –Pentium PCs 33 or 66 MHz clock speed 133-533 MBps maximum data transfer rate Up to 8 functions on a single card Up to 5 card/slots per system Requires PnP
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Course ILT PCI adapter
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Course ILT PCI slots
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Course ILT PCIe Newer standard Uses serial communication Link Lanes x1 (by-one) x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16, and x32 bus widths Can up-plug Cant down-plug
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Course ILT Activity C-1 Installing a PCI card
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Course ILT Topic D Topic A: Buses Topic B: Host system interaction Topic C: The PCI bus Topic D: Video buses
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Course ILT Need for video buses Older PC designs just used expansion bus Graphical interfaces involve massive amounts of graphics data Specialized buses developed to be fast enough
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Course ILT VESA local bus 32- or 64-bit bus –Pentium PCs 33 or 66 MHz clock speed Popular on 80486-based PCs Generally software configurable No longer used
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Course ILT VLB adapter
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Course ILT AGP adapter Note the hook
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Course ILT AGP Technically a port, not a bus 32-bit bus 33 or 66 MHz clock speed Speed pumped to as much as 533 MHz DIrect Memory Execute (DIME) 266-2133 MBps maximum data transfer rate PnP configurable
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Course ILT Activity D-1 Installing an AGP adapter
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Course ILT Unit summary Described the primary types of buses Defined interrupt, IRQ, I/O address, DMA, and base memory address Described the features and functions of the PCI bus, and installed and configure a PCI adapter card Described the features and functions of the various video buses, and installed and configure an AGP adapter card
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