1. Reasons Renaissance occurred
THE RENAISSANCE
Reasons Renaissance occurred
Monasteries – accessed Greek and Arabic Texts (1100’s); translated by Jewish scholars, studied in monasteries
Universities – emerged as new centers of learning (1200’s)
Guild training and teaching
Specialty schools:
E.g. Bologna (Law)
Scholasticism(attempt to blend Aristotle and religion)

2. Impacts of the Renaissance
Humanists and Printers
Dante and Chaucer – inspire the humanist movement
Humanist movement – interest in humanities and classical literature
Wrote in vernacular and Latin; leads to creation of more libraries and reanalysis of biblical texts
Printing press is invented!!!
1454 invented – 1500 over 10 million pieces of printed material!

3. Impacts of the Renaissance
Artists
Built on natural paintings of Giotto
Famous Artists of period: DaVinci and Michelangelo
Wealthy merchants (Medici) and Catholic church oftentimes sponsor work of the artists
IMPACTS AND EMPHASIS OF THE RENAISSANCE SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD!!!

4. THE RENAISSANCE Cause for 100 Years War
The Hundred Years War pitted France against England, whose King Edward III claimed the French throne in 1337.
The war was fought with the new military technology: crossbows; longbows; pikes (for pulling knights off their horses); and firearms, including an improved cannon.

5. Effects of the 100 Years War
THE RENAISSANCE
Effects of the 100 Years War
The French, whose superior cannon destroyed the castles of the English and their allies, finally defeated the English. The war left the French monarchy in a stronger position than before.

6. Limited Monarchy in England
THE RENAISSANCE
Limited Monarchy in England
The “new monarchies” that emerged after the Hundred Years War had stronger central governments, more stable national boundaries, and stronger representative institutions.
Both the English and the French monarchs consolidated their control over their nobles.

7. Limited Monarchy (cont.)
THE RENAISSANCE
Limited Monarchy (cont.)
The advent of new military technology—cannon and hand-held firearms—meant that the castle and the knight were outdated. The new monarchs depended on professional standing armies of bowmen, pikemen, musketeers, and artillery units.

8. Limited Monarchy (cont.)
THE RENAISSANCE
Limited Monarchy (cont.)
The new monarchs had to find new sources of revenue to pay for these standing armies. To raise money, the new monarchs taxed land, merchants, and the church.

9. Limited Monarchy (cont.)
THE RENAISSANCE
Limited Monarchy (cont.)
By the end of the 15th century, there had been a shift in power away from the nobility and the church and toward the monarchs.
Monarchs were still hemmed in by the nobles, the church, and by new parliamentary institutions: the Parliament in England and the Estates General in France

10. Results of the Reconquista
THE RENAISSANCE
Results of the Reconquista
Spain and Portugal emerged as strong centralized states through a process of marriage alliances, mergers, warfare, and the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims.
Reconquest offered the nobility large landed estates upon which they could grow rich without having to work.

11. Results of the Reconquista
THE RENAISSANCE
Results of the Reconquista
The reconquest took place over a period of several centuries, but it picked up after the Christians put the Muslims on the defensive with a victory in 1212.
Portugal became completely established in In 1415, the Portuguese captured the Moroccan port of Ceuta, which gave them access to the trans-Saharan trade.

12. Results of the Reconquista
THE RENAISSANCE
Results of the Reconquista
On the Iberian Peninsula, Castile and Aragon were united in 1469 and the Muslims were driven out of their last Iberian stronghold (Granada) in 1492.
Spain then expelled all Jews and Muslims from its territory; Portugal also expelled its Jewish population.