1. The Atmosphere
Chapter 4 Lesson 4

2. Warm Up
What part of the plant cell provides it with strength and structure?
What is the food making process in plants?
What is the difference between inherited and learned traits?

3. Learning Target
I can describe the effects of the ocean on weather and climate and explain how mountains affect weather and climate.
SPI &

4. Vocabulary
You will be given your vocabulary homework tonight. It is due tomorrow. Our lesson & vocabulary quiz will be December 14th , which is NEXT THURSDAY.
Atmosphere
Weather
Climate
Current
Rain Shadow
El Nino

5. Atmosphere
1.) Atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds Earth. The atmosphere is mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen. It also contains water vapor, carbon dioxide, and traces of other gases.

6. What layer of the atmosphere is closest to Earth?

7. Atmosphere Video

8. The Troposphere
2.) The troposphere is the closest layer to the earth. This is where most of the weather takes place. Weather can be hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, and sunny or cloudy.

9. Climate
This is because of lower temperatures and the mountain landscape.
3.) Climate is the average weather of a place. Tennessee has a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Weather usually follows patterns. For example, northeastern Tennessee tends to have more snowfall in winter. Why do you think northeastern Tennessee has more snowfall than we do in Henderson, Tennessee?

10. Climate Zones

14. Latitude and Longitude
Which location would have a warmer climate? Why?
4.) Latitude lines run west to east.
These lines have the strongest affect on climate. Think back to how the climate zones were marked.
5.) Longitude lines run north to south.

15. Oceans
6.) Land close to an ocean tends to have a milder climate. Think about this! Pretend the ocean is a warm tub of water. What do you feel when you place your hand over a tub of hot water? You feel warmth because the heat from the water is warming the air between your hand and the water.

16. Currents
7.) Currents are constant movement of ocean water. Depending on where the ocean is located determines the temperature of the water. Think about the climate zones. Which is going to have a warmer currents water by the equator/Tropical zone or Arctic circle/Polar zone? How do the currents affect the climate of an area?

17. Ocean Currents
8.) Ocean currents can be warm which make the land around it warmer. This makes the climate milder than areas more inland. 9.) Milder means that it is neither too hot nor too cold.

18. Atmospheric Pressure
10.) As the height above Earth increases, the number of particles of gas in the atmosphere decreases. The atmospheric pressure or air pressure pushes on everything around you. They balance each other out. This is why you don’t feel the weight of the air around you. Video:

19. Sea Breeze
11.) A sea breeze is the movement of the air from the water to the land. The air above the land warms faster than the air above the sea.
The warm air becomes less dense, so the hot air rises. To keep it balanced the cold air moves above the land.

20. Land Breeze
Both the sea and land begins to cool at night. However, land cools faster than water, so the air above the sea stays warmer.
The warm air above the ocean becomes less dense, so it rises. The cold air from the land moves above the water to balance out the atmospheric pressure.

21. To Sum It Up
Land cools and warms faster than the sea. 12.) If the cold air is going from the land to the sea it is a land breeze. If the cold air is going from the sea to the land it is a sea breeze.

22. Yellow/Green Partner Task
Take your white paper and fold it in half.
Label one side SEA BREEZE. Label the other side LAND BREEZE.
Use your pencil to illustrate the two different breezes. Make sure that you label the ocean, land, and the hot/cool air. Also, illustrate the time of day/night.
Below EACH of your drawings, EXPLAIN what is happening. (EXPLAIN what happens in a SEA BREEZE & a LAND BREEZE.)

23. Mountains
13.) Altitude is a measure of how high a place is above sea level. 14.) The higher a place’s altitude, the colder its climate.
Which is cooler?

24. Air Pressure/Mountains
As you climb higher above sea level the air molecules decrease, so the atmospheric pressure decreases. This is the reason why your ears pop when you climb to the top of a mountain or ride in an airplane. The pressure inside your ears are different from the air around you, so they pop trying to balance out.

25. Atmospheric Pressure Which has lower atmospheric pressure?
The top of the mountain or the bottom of the mountain?

26. One side of a mountain may get a lot of rain while the other does NOT
One side of a mountain may get a lot of rain while the other does NOT. 15.)As warm, moist air moves up the mountain it gets colder, water vapor condensed and precipitation falls on one side of the mountain. This is called the windward side. 16.) The air that moves down the other side of the mountain, the leeward side, is dry and hot . The dry area on the leeward side of the mountain is called a rain shadow.
The windward side of the mountain is always the side with the water source.
Rain Shadow

27. Mountains Video

28. El Nino
17.) El Nino is where the temperatures in the Pacific ocean become warmer than normal.

29. Which side is the Windward side of the mountain? How do you know?

30. Which side is the Windward side of the mountain? How do you know?