1. Chap 1 - Before History How do humans develop?

2. Forming the Complex Society
Basic development:
Hunting and Foraging
Agriculture
Complex Society
Key issue: surplus capital – WHY?
Major development of first complex societies 3500 BCE – 500 BCE

3. Prehistory
Review Guns, Germs and Steel – Why did Eurasia dominate? (What is Eurasia??)
What is “history”?
Documentation
Written records
Archaeological discovery
Requisite human presence (or “natural” history)

4. Development of Hominids
Animals adapt themselves to environment
Hominids adapt environment to themselves
What is the difference?
How they adapt it
Use of tools
Language
Complex cooperative social structures

5. Australopithecus “the southern ape” – despite name a hominid
Discovery of skeleton, north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nicknamed “Lucy”
40% of SWF, 3’5”, 55lb., bipedal, Brain 500 cc (modern human: 1400 cc), limited speech but opposable digit - ???
Estimated date of death: 3.5 million years ago

6. Lucy!

7. Later Hominids Homo Erectus, “upright man”
Larger brain capacity (1000 cc), improved tool use, control of fire
Homo Sapiens, “consciously thinking human”
Largest brain, esp. frontal regions
most sophisticated tools and social organization
Migrations of Homo Erectus and Homo Sapiens
WHY start migrating?

8. Global spread of hominids and Homo sapiens