1. PREHISTORY
UNIT 8

2. Timelines??? What are timelines????
BEFORE STARTING…
A BIT OF ORDER IN OUR PAST…
LET´S START BY TIMELINES…
Timelines???
A representation or exhibit of key events within a particular historical period, often consisting of illustrative visual material accompanied by written commentary, arranged chronologically
What are timelines????

3. IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION
IDENTIFY THE PERIODS OF PREHISTORY AND STUDY THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
LEARN WHEN HUMANS BEGAN TO USE METALS
WORK OUT HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DATES
USE INTERNET SOURCES ON PREHISTORY IN SPAIN

4. PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY PRIMATES
DEFINITION
PREHISTORY
PREHISTORY IS THE EARLIEST, AND LONGEST, PERIOD OF HISTORY. IT COVERS ALL HUMAN HISTORY UNTIL WRITING WAS INVENTED, ABOUT 5000 YEARS AGO
PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY PRIMATES
AS THERE ARE NO WRITTEN RECORDS FOR THIS PERIOD WE EXAMINE REMAINS LIKE BONES, TOOLS OF CAVE PAINTIGS

5. HOMINISATION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH HUMAN BEINGS ACQUIRED THEIR PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS DURING THEIR SLOW EVOLUTION OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IS
AS HOMINIDS LEARNED TO WALK UPRIGHT ON TWO LEGS, THEIR HANDS BECAME FREE TO USE TOOLS
AFTER HOMINIDS DISCOVERED FIRE, THEY LEARN TO COOK. CONSEQUENTLY, THEY ATE SOFTER FOOD, AND THEIR JAWBONES AND TEETH BECAME SMALLER
THE SKULLS OF HOMINIDS GREW BIGGER AND THEIR BRAIN SIZE ALSO INCREASED. THIS HELPED THEM TO THINK CREATIVELY, TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE AND TO COMMUNICATE

6. EVOLUCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO 4:53
Fossil remains of the earliest hominids were found in several sites in the Rift Valley in East Africa. Some hominids lived in Africa more than 4 million years ago.
The first hominids
SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THE ANCESTORS OF ALL HUMAN BEINGS ORIGINALLY LIVED IN AFRICA
were found
In Africa
Later, there were several waves of migration from Africa into Europe and Asia. The remains of Homo antecesor found at Atapuerca (Burgos) are the oldest on the Iberian Peninsula
Hominids first appeared in East Africa and from there they colonised the rest of the planet. During the process they evolved into human beings we see today
EVOLUCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO 4:53

7. The Paleolithic age definition
THE PALEOLITHIC AGE (or “old stone” lasted from 2,50 million years ago to about years ago
definition
ARE WE IN THE RIGHT PLACE????
I am the Homo Habilis, Who are you?
There were very cold periods when many parts of the Earth were covered in ice, but there were also milder periods.
Homo habilis,
Spanish , 10´

8. LIFESTYLE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE
Early humans learned to adapt to the changes in their natural environment
And I am the Homo Erectus, the one who invented the fire, do you remember how much improvement did we get with this invention…?
Early humans hunted, fished and gathered fruit
They were nomads who moved around in groups to find food.
They lived in simple shelters and sometimes in caves
They made stone tools

9. BELIEFS AND ART
Early humans buried dead people with funeral objects. This shows that they had religious beliefs.
I am the Homo antecessor from Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) I am a direct ancestor of the Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthal
They practised rituals to protect themselves against natural dangers like lightning
They painted animals on caves using natural materials like coal, blood and plants
It is possible that they believed that painting was magical and led to successful hunting
They also made statues of women. These were so exaggerated that is believed they were probably fertility symbols

10. HOMANISATION LAST CHAPTER
HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS
HOMO HEILDERBENGENSIS
IT WAS EXTINCTED ONCE H. SAPIENS EXTENDED
BIG BRAIN
1700 CC
LINK BETWEEN H. ANTECESSOR AND H. NEANDERTHALENSIS
HOMO SAPIENS

11. THE NEOLITHIC AGE
THE NEOLITHIC AGE –OR NEW STONE- BEGAN ABOUT 8000BC, AND LASTED UNTIL 4000BC
PEOPLE STARTED CULTIVATING PLANTS, AND DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE. THEY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS.
AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD, THE EARTH´S CLIMATE BECAME WARMER. THE ICE THAT COVERED PARTS OF THE EARTHS´S SURFACE MELTED, SO PEOPLE LIVED IN NEW TYPES OF LANDSCAPES. THIS LED TO MANY CHANGES
THEY COULD NOW USE LIVESTOCK TO HAVE MEAT, MILK AND LEATHER WHEN THEY WANTED
ALL THESE CHANGES TOGETHER WERE SO IMPORTANT THAT WE CALL THIS PERIOD THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
POTTERY WAS INVENTED. THEY COULD NOW USE POTS TO TRANSPORT FOOD AND WATER.
TEXTILES AND BASKETS WERE INVENTED
PEOPLE MADE MUCH BETTER TOOLS, LIKE PLOUGHS AND WEAPONS, LIKE AXES

12. THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION CAUSED MANY CHANGES IN PEOPLES´ LIVES
GROUP WORK:
HOW MANY DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES CAN YOU IDENTIFY -OR GUESS- THEY ARE DOING?
THE LIFE STYLE IN THE NEOLITHIC AGE
THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION CAUSED MANY CHANGES IN PEOPLES´ LIVES
TASK IN GROUPS: DISCUSS FOR SOME MINUTES SOME OF THOSE CHANGES...
PEOPLE DID NOT NEED TO MOVE AROUND TO FIND FOOD BECAUSE THEY NOW HAD LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE. THEY THEREFORE BECAME…
YES, THEY BECAME…
SEDENTARY
WHAT DID THEY BECOME?
POPULATION INCREASED BECAUSE PEOPLE ATE BETTER FOOD
SOCIETY BECAME MORE COMPLEX. SOME PEOPLE WORK AS ARTISANS, AND OTHERS WORKED IN AGRICULTURE
BARTER:
To trade goods or services without the exchange of money
WHEN SETTLEMENTS PRODUCED MORE THAN THEY NEEDED, THEY EXCHANGED PRODUCTS WITH OTHER SETTLEMENTS. THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF TRADE
IT WAS CALLED BARTER
SPECIALISATION APPEARS. THE CRAFTSMEN MADE TOOLS AND WEAPONS. THE FARMERS CULTIVATED THE FIELDS AND ROSE THE LIVESTOCK
BUT, WHAT IS BARTER?

13. NEOLITHIC CULTURE
NEOLITHIC CULTURE DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT PLACES, ESPECIALLY WHERE WERE GREAT RIVERS PLAINS

14. THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD
THE METAL AGES
FROM 4000 BC, PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST BEGAN TO MAKE METAL OBJECTS. WEAPONS
THEY USED FIRE TO HEAT METAL AND TURN IT INTO TOOLS AN WEAPONS
COOPER AGE
(4000 BC)
BRONZE AGE
(3000 BC)
IRON AGE
(1000 BC)
THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

15. THE METAL AGES THE USE OF THE METAL LED TO IMPORTANT CHANGES
METAL WORKING WAS COMPLEX, SO WORKERS BECAME MORE SPECIALISED
METAL TOOLS, SUCH AS THE PLOUGH, IMPROVED TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE
PEOPLE WHO HAD METAL WEAPONS, LIKE SWORDS AND SPEARS, ACQUIRED GREATER POWER.
SETTLEMENTS NEEDED WALLS FOR PROTECTION
INCREASED TRADE, AND THE INVENTION OF MONEY, LED TO GREATER SOCIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR

16. LIFE STYLE IN THE METAL AGES

17. BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL AGES
MENHIRS WERE SINGLE, STANDING STONES. THEY WERE OFTEN ALIGNED IN LONG LINES
DOLMENS WERE GROUPS OF VERTICAL STONES COVERED BY LARGE HORIZONTAL STONES. THE SPACE INSIDE WAS USED FOR BURIALS
CROMLECHS WERE GROUPS OF MENHIRS DISPLAYED IN CIRCLES
BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL AGES
THESE ENORMOUS STONE CONSTRUCTIONS WERE KNOWN AS MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS. THEY WERE RELIGIOUS SITES AND TOMBS

18. ANY QUESTIONS?