1. Chap. 2: Representative Carbon Compounds CH 2-1 Hydrocarbons & Characterizing sp3 carbon
Introduction to organic functional groups
Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
Characterizing sp3 carbons: 1o, 2o, 3o
Hydrogen Deficiency
Drawing Constitutional Isomers of Hydrocarbons
Other Functional groups
Introduction to organic compound structure identification and Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy

2. Hydrocarbons: Alkanes
Hydrocarbons contain C & H only!
•Alkanes are the “Saturated Hydrocarbons”(no pi bonds)
CH C2H C3H8
CnH2n+2
• Tetrahedral geometry; sp3 hybridization
• Have Constitutional Isomers

3. Characterizing sp3 Carbon Atoms
Specific sp3 carbon atoms are classified to help us predict their chemical reactivity.
Classification is based on the number of carbon atoms that are directly bonded to a specific sp3 carbon atom:
-one carbon atom = primary (1o)
-two carbon atoms = secondary (2o)
-three carbon atoms = tertiary (3o) 1o 2o 3o 1o 1o

4. Hydrocarbons: Alkenes
Alkenes are “Unsaturated Hydrocarbons” (Have pi bonds and a hydrogen pair deficiency).
Each pi bond takes the place of 2H’s.
Contain a carbon-carbon double bond:
C2H C3H C4H8
CnH2n
• Alkene carbons have planar geometry; sp2 hybridization
• Have Constitutional Isomers
• Have Geometric Isomers (cis & trans)

5. Hydrocarbons: Alkynes
Alkynes are also “Unsaturated Hydrocarbons” and contain a carbon-carbon triple bond.
The two pi bonds take the place of 4 H’s.
C2H C3H C4H6
CnH2n-2
• Alkyne carbons have linear geometry; sp hybridization
• “Terminal” vs “Internal” alkyne
• Have Constitutional Isomers