1. Chapter 33, Lesson 3
Forrest McLain, Jaydon Williams, Jakob Nester, Landry Leal, Rose Schmit

2. Managing Resources
The management of oceania’s resources uses zones to control overfishing, and implementation of plans to use forest resources without causing deforestation
Terracing, irrigation, and crop diversification help preserve soil, increase productivity, amount of land, decreases erosion, and runoff are all methods to improve agriculture.
By actively mining and logging in deep sea beds, encouraging ecotourism with efficient hotels and cut carbon emissions, overseas companies have taken part in managing the resources.
Vocab: Climate Change- any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time.

3. Managing Resources
Limited fresh water and drinking water makes the standard of living low, and is a barrier for economic growth.
The government is working on trying to improve the water conditions by managing runoff, and building facilities for water sanitation.
Climate change is endangering the lowlands of oceania by producing extreme weather, and causing sea levels to rise.
Protection programs such as mangrove trees and seagrass habitats reduces the vulnerability of these resources.

4. Managing Resources
Programs implemented through grassroot organizations, government efforts, and international organizations can be difficult to control because of Oceania’s developing economies.
Environmental education and understanding of natural resources and climate change can help people want to make changes and welcome new ways of balancing their needs with the needs of the environment around them.

5. Human Impact
Humans in Oceania and other countries affect the environment by testing nuclear weapons and other technology.
The dangers of nuclear technology testing are gravely underestimated.
Also, people who live closer to a nuclear explosion will be exposed to a lot of radiation.
Besides effects from nuclear technology, Oceania and other regions are affected by climate change. Two examples would be: El Nino wind patterns and devastating rises in sea level.
Vocab: Ocean Warming - rise in the temperature of the ocean water

6. Human Impact
In addition ocean warming effects certain types of plankton and algae that grow in tropical waters, causing overgrowth and the choking out of other species.
Pollution also poses a threat to the waters of oceania and is damaging the coral reefs
Deforestation is another type of man-made cause to the environment.
It includes: mining and logging.Logging causes the destruction of forest habitat. Mining pollutes waterways and oceans.
Pollution is a harmful thing towards water supplies, agriculture, animal life, and human life.

7. Human Impact
Agricultural run off and inadequate sanitation cause pollution that further threatens fresh water supplies
Chemical fertilizers and organic waste also threaten the sub regions oceans
Rising sea levels not only cause loss of land but also contaminate the limited fresh water sources.
This reduces the fresh water for agricultural purposes and human consumption.

8. Addressing the Issues
While the U.S. has stopped nuclear testing in Oceania, the effect still linger
In the 1990’s the U.S. donated $90,000,000 to help clean up Bikini Atoll
It also set up a $45,000,000 grant for blast survivors on Rongelap Atoll
The nuclear energy has also had political effects, Antinuclear activism is big in regional politics
When the French were to conduct nuclear tests on an atoll in French Polynesia there were antinuclear protests

9. Addressing the Issues There are also other environmental concerns
The PNA was formed to manage the tuna populations
The members of PNA are 8 Pacific Island countries who control 25% of the world's tuna population
The EPA has established programs to protect, maintain, and restore water quality around coral reefs
The DNLR reported that between 1994 and 2006, 25% of all living coral on Maui was lost

10. Addressing the Issues
Sugar production has damaged the islands of Fiji. In order to prevent further damage the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is trying to stop any further sugarcane damage to coral reefs.
In order for communities to benefit economically they rely on the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBRNRM) to create sustainable development for their economy while maintaining traditional customs.
In order to prepare for any further damage due to climate change low islands have planned to move the population to remaining areas and emigration to nearby countries.
Relocation can cause severe damage to the economy, regions cultures, and social structures.

11. Bibliography
World Geography Book, Chapter 33, Lesson 3 - pg
Managing Resources - pg
Human Impact - pg
Addressing the Issues - pg
Boehm, Richard G., and Jay McTighe. World Geography. Columbus: McGraw-hill Education, Print