1. Chapter 10: A Changing Nation
Andrew Jackson
Daniel Webster
John C Calhoun
Henry Clay
Chapter 10: A Changing Nation
How did the nation reflect a growing sense of national pride and identity?
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2. Section 1: Building A National Identity
Dartmouth College vs
Woodward
James Monroe
John Marshall
James McCulloch
Section 1: Building A National Identity
How was the power of the federal government strengthened during the Era of Good Feelings?
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3. “Era of Good Feelings” James Monroe- Republican wins election 1816
Monroe wanted to promote NATIONAL UNITY (NATIONALISM)
Everyone was feeling united so they called it the “Era of Good Feelings”

4. Building the National Economy
After 1815 many felt the national govt. should take some action to increase economic prosperity for the whole country
Sectionalism begins
Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun become outspoken for their regions

5. New Leaders Daniel Webster John C Calhoun Northeast SC Henry Clay MA
At first opposes high tariffs but later supports them
John C Calhoun SC
South
Opposes high tariffs
State’s Rights
Henry Clay
Kentucky
West
Country needs better roads, canals

6. Second Bank of the United States
First Bank 1791
Bank did not exist after Charter ran out
Without the bank the economy suffered because too many loans were made and they issued too much money
2nd bank established in 1816
New bank privately owned, charter for 20 years

7. Tariff of 1816 After War of 1812 US had to handle foreign competition
Britain began the concept of Dumping
Because of this it hurt the New England States and the northern Manufacturers
The North demanded the govt. place a protective tariff in place

8. Sectionalism Tariffs are popular in the NORTH
SOUTH resents the tariffs
John C Calhoun speaks out ferociously against tariffs

9. Clay’s American System
Clay believed he had a plan to help each area of the country
Proposed high tariffs and federal program of public works
He believed the tariffs would provide funds to build better roads, bridges and canals as well as help the north and south
Never fully became a govt. policy
Madison and Monroe refused to support the plan

10. Three Important Court Cases
McCulloch VS Maryland
About Protecting Federal Agencies
Dartmouth College VS Woodward
About Protecting private contracts
Gibbons VS Ogden
Deals with Interstate Commerce

11. McCulloch VS Maryland
9. A. States could not interfere with federal institutions or violate federal laws.
B.          They both strengthened the power of the federal govt. by ruling that states had no power to interfere with federal institutions.

12. Dartmouth College VS Woodward
The ruling of the Supreme Court in Dartmouth College v Woodward supported economic growth by protecting private contracts, the Court protected private businesses.

13. Gibbons VS Ogden Interstate Commerce: Trade between 2 or more states
NYS could not give a steamboat company a monopoly to carry passengers on the Hudson River

14. Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations
John Quincy
Adams
Simon Bolivar
“The Liberator”
James Monroe
Miguel Hidalgo
Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations
How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect new national confidence?
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15. Relations With Spain
After the War of 1812 Spain controlled more territory in the Americas than any other European power
Spain’s power was weakening because they held too many territories
Spain’s power was extremely weak in FL
Spain could not stop enslaved African Americans from escaping to Fl and living among the Seminole N-A’s

16. Relations With Spain
Andrew Jackson is sent to recapture enslaved A-A’s in 1817
Jackson went way above what he was ordered to do and attacked Seminole Indian villages
Jackson seized 2 Spanish towns and forced the governor to flee

17. Question # 14
Spain realized it could not protect Florida, so it sold the territory to the U.S.. The treaty was called the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819.

18. Adams-Onis Treaty Spain realized they could not protect FL
John Quincy Adams goes to negotiate a treaty- the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
Spain was to cede (give up) FL
The U.S would pay $5 Million Dollars for it

19. Spanish Colonies Win Independence
1810 many of the Spanish controlled areas were rebelling against the Spanish control
Revolutionary movements grow in Mexico, Central and South America

20. Mexico Breaks Away
1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo organizes an army of Native Americans
This helped free several N-A Provinces
1811 he is captured and executed

21. Question #16:
Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led Mexico’s struggle for independence from Spain. Though he was defeated Spain eventually recognized that it could not maintain its rule over Mexico.

22. Mexico Breaks Away 1820 revolution breaks out
1821 Spain agrees to Mexico’s independence
At first Mexico is ruled by an Emperor
1823 the Emperor is over thrown and Mexico makes a constitution
Mexico becomes a Federal Republic of 9 states and 4 territories

23. South and Central America
Simon Bolivar “The Liberator”
He was called The Liberator for his leading role in independence movements in the Northern section of SA
1819 led an army from Venezuela over the Andes Mts. Into Colombia and defeated the Spanish
Bolivar became president of the Independent Republic of Great Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama

24. Independence for Central and South America Cont.
Central America declared Independence in 1821
1823 they formed the United Provinces of Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala
1822 Brazil declared its independence from Portugal

25. The Monroe Doctrine
Several European powers soon tried to plan to attack these newly developed countries in South and Central America
President James Monroe and John Quincy Adams were worried these European powers would come in and take over.
Britain and the U. S. wanted to protect trade with these newly developed countries

26. Monroe Doctrine Britain suggested making a joint statement
Adams told Monroe we should make our own statement
December 1823 Monroe reads in Congress what became know as the Monroe Doctrine
U.S. would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere with the free nations of Latin America
The U.S would not interfere in European affairs
Monroe was saying “hands off” of the Western Hemisphere
You stay in your hemisphere we will stay in ours
The U.S was not strong enough to back Monroe’s statement

27. Question # 18: Question #20:
Adams said that cooperation between the 2 countries would make the U.S. see to be Britain’s junior partner.
Question #20:
Cuba, Puerto Rico, British Honduras, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana

28. Question #21: Question #22:
President Monroe’s statement that the U.S. would not allow European nations to interfere with the independent nations in Latin America.
Question #22:
Britain granted some self-government to Canada in order to stop rebellion and maintain Canada as a colony

29. Section 3: The Age of Jackson
Andrew Jackson
“Old Hickory”
John Quincy Adams
Section 3: The Age of Jackson
How did the people gain more power during the Age of Jackson?

30. Adams and Jackson in Conflict
“The Age of Jackson” ( )
Jackson grew up poor near the border of North and South Carolina
Jackson was brave, tough earned nickname of “Old Hickory”
Jackson believed ordinary people should be involved in government

31. The Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams William H. Crawford Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
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32. “The Corrupt Bargain”
Jackson received the most electoral votes but not a majority
House of Representatives would have to decide
Adams and Jackson were the choices
Clay was Speaker of the house Supposedly he told supporters to vote for Adams
The House Elected Adams
Jackson was furious he had won the most popular votes and electoral votes but lost the election

33. Presidency of John Adams
John Quincy Adams did not accomplish very much
People disliked him because of the “Corrupt Bargain”
He supported clay’s American System and wanted the federal govt. to play a larger role in supporting American economy

34. New Era of Politics 1824 began a new era of politics
By Late 1790’s states began extending suffrage- the right to vote
Men just had to be white and over the age of 21
Now ordinary voters voted on electors

35. People Who Did Not Receive Suffrage
Women
African Americans
Native Americans
Children

36. Democracy in the Age of Jackson
Extended the right to vote
Ordinary people should vote in elections and hold government positions
Jackson and his supporters did not trust the government
Jackson and his supporters did not trust the bank

37. New Political Parties 2 Party System returns
Republican Party split in the Election of 1824
Republicans and Democrats emerge
Jackson was supported by the Democrats and National Republicans supported Henry Clay for the 1831 election
By 1836 Anti Jackson supporters started a new party- The Whigs

38. New Ways of Choosing The President
Caucus: meeting of members of a political party
Nominating Conventions: large meetings of party delegates to choose candidates for office

39. Jackson Becomes President
1824 Election 3X the amount of people come out to vote
Most new voters supported Jackson
Sectionalism is growing and class divisions are more seen
Jackson- Supported in the West and south, also by small business people artisans and workers in cities

40. “Age of The Common Man”
Jackson supporters helped coin the phrase “Age of The Common Man”
1,000s of ordinary workers flocked to Washington to be a part of Jackson's Inauguration
More than 20,000 attended the Inauguration dinner
Some called his time in office “Reign of king Mob”

41. Spoils System
Jackson replaced many government officials with people who had supported him in his election
Other officials had done this previously, however Jackson openly defended what he was doing
“To the victors belong the spoils (loot)”
Spoils System: the practice of rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters of the party that wins an election

42. Section 4: Indian Removal
Why did Jackson use force to remove Native Americans from the Southeast?
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43. Native Americans of the Southeast
Many of the 100,000 N-A’s that lived east of the Mississippi River were farmers or lived in settler’s towns
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and Creek lived around Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia
The Seminoles live in Florida

44. Native Americans of the Southeast
Cherokee above all others had been the ones that adopted white customs
They created an English newspaper
Spoke the English language as a second language
Ran successful business
Converted to Christianity
Started their own school
Had their own government
Made treaties with the U.S. government

45. Conflict Over Land
To the U.S. government the N-As proved to be an obstacle to westward expansion
Many southerners wanted/needed the land west to plant more cotton
White settlers were forcing N-As to move west off of the fertile lands

46. Forced Movement
Thomas Jefferson actually started the policies that moved N-As off their lands
He hoped it would be a peaceful movement
War of 1812 brought more treaties with the N-A’s to move them off their land
N-As of the Southeast, especially the Cherokee refused to move

47. Cherokee Refuse
President James Monroe in 1825 starts to make a plan to remove all N-As that were east of the Mississippi River to west of the river
Cherokee decide to take the U.S. to court in 1828
Cherokee argue that they have developed many English customs, many have converted to Christianity and they also trade with many whites and have developed a government and made treaties with the US

48. Support For Native Americans
Supreme Court hears 2 Cases:
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia the court refused to stop Georgia from forcing the Cherokee off their lands
Worcester v. Georgia Court declared Georgia’s laws “can have no force” within Cherokee territory

49. Section 5: States’ Rights
Tariff of Abominations 1828
Andrew Jackson- Mr. Betts’ Video