1. Colonizing the New World

2. Spanish Settlements Lead Colonization

3. Spanish rule the new world in exploration of new sites
; Current Central and South America.
Gold, Silver, Food Items
Catholic Church active in colonies- only religion allowed to be practiced in their colonies.
Spanish Empire by 1600’s

4. The Columbian Exchange
From the Old World: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, HORSES, cows, DISEASE!!!
From the New World: GOLD, SILVER, corn, potatoes, tobacco
IMPACT: In the centuries after Columbus’s arrival, about 90% of Native Americans killed.
The Columbian Exchange

5. Columbian Exchange

6. The Spanish Conquistadores
Spain won domination of New World with Papal bull Demarcation Line (1493) and Treaty of Tordesillas with Portugal (1494)
Spanish conquistadors went to Caribbean and New World for two reasons:
To serve God
For gold and glory
The Spanish Conquistadores

7. The Spanish in America Empire grew quickly—esp. in Peru and Mexico
Competition with other powers for land (esp. French) led Spanish to build forts St. Augustine in Florida (1565)
Spanish began exploring North— settlements in New Mexico in 1609, Texas in 1716, San Diego in 1769

8. Spanish Treatment of Native Americans
Used Caribbean islands as bases for American conquest
Began encomienda system in West Indies: enslavement of native population
Missions: to Christianize and civilize Indians.
Resistance among Native Americans: Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico
Black Legend?
Spanish empire v. British empire

9. Worldwide Slave trade

10. All Western European nations participated in the African slave trade.
The slave trade was dominated by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, the Dutch in the sugar boom of the seventeenth century, and the English who entered the trade in the seventeenth century.
Worldwide Slave trade

11. The Shock of Enslavement
Enslavement was an unparalleled shock.
African raiders or armies often violently attacked villages to take captives.
The captives were marched to the coast, many dying along the way.
On the coast, the slaves were kept in barracoons where they were separated from their families, branded, and dehumanized.
The Shock of Enslavement

12. Middle Passage Middle Passage Middle portion of the triangle trade
Shelves 6 feet long and 30 inches high
Crowded together spoon fashion
Little or no sanitation, food was poor
Dysentery and disease.
Slaves resistance:
jumping overboard, refusing to eat, revolting
One in six slaves died during this voyage.
Middle Passage

14. Political and Economic Effects on Africa
Slavery enriched a few in Africa, but slave wars ravaged populations, spreading death and destruction far inland.
Loss of population and access to cheap European goods led to economic stagnation and prepared the way for direct European colonization in the nineteenth century.
Political and Economic Effects on Africa