1. Growth and Expansion

2. The Industrial Revolution
Began in mid-1700s in England.
A period when machinery and technology changed how people worked and produced goods.
Began in New England around 1800
Had water sources= power
Had natural resources like coal and iron
Had a large population to work

3. 1785 steam engine provided power for cotton mills
Spinning wheel, water frame, and power loom from England changed textile industry
1785 steam engine provided power for cotton mills
1793 Eli Whitney’s cotton gin = work of 50 men
Factory system developed: bringing manufacturing steps together under one roof
Increased efficiency
Reduced cost

4. Agriculture Expands 1820s, more than 65% of Americans were farmers
NE: small farms, local produce
S: mostly cotton, slaves, large crops
Sent cotton to factories in NE
W: pork and cash crops like wheat and corn
Cities and towns grew as a result of factories and trade: largest near water (power source)

5. City life Wood or brick buildings Unpaved roads Free roaming animals
No sewers: disease spread
Fires happened easily
BUT cities had JOBS, steady income, cultural opportunities
Many people left farms and got jobs

6. Moving West 1790 4 million people in US
million people in US, 2 million living west of Appalachians
It was difficult to get there: needed roads!
1806 approval for National Road, but stopped construction during War of 1812
Finally finished 1820

7. River travel was becoming popular Steamboats made travel faster
But going against current was slow, and most rivers flow N-S
Canals: man-made waterways connecting rivers
Biggest of the canals was the Eerie Canal, 363 miles long
Canals and new national roads led to a wave of people leaving the east coast, four new states created = VT, KY, TN, OH
After War of 1812 = IN, IL, MI, AL, MO

11. Politics in the 1800s
James Monroe was elected in 1816, and the country loved him; political differences seemed to disappear for the moment “Era of Good Feelings”
But factory systems in the north, farms in the south, and pioneers in the west had different needs and wants: slavery and national policies were hot topics
Sectionalism: loyalty to a region
MO Compromise 1820: tried to keep the balance between N&S= MO entered as slave state, ME was free

12. Foreign Affairs Prez. Monroe signed two treaties with England
Limiting their naval vessels in Lake Eerie and making a “no weapons” zone along the border of Canada
Set the boundary of Louisiana Terr., made it a DMZ = no armed forces
Spain gave up Florida, but got Texas
Monroe Doctrine 1823 to protect America from European invasion: existing Euro colonies were ok, but no NEW ones (still in place)