1. Some final APA tips

2. Reference list OK to call this References or Works Cited
Some unusual ones that we have encountered:
Cleveland Indians Logo Edited From Caps. (1997, April 22). Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved from (Note: it is usually OK to just give the homepage of big sites, especially if they have a Search capability on them; also can use Corporate Author):
Cleveland Plain Dealer. (1997, April 22). Cleveland Indians Logo Edited From Caps. Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved from
Goldsmith, J., Wu, T., Fisk, F.W., Hartley, G., & Weaver, W. (2011). The History of the World. New York, NY: Random House.
Harris, I. (2000). Types of peace education. In L. Oppenheimer, & A. Ravi (Eds.), How We Understand Peace (pp ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Retrieved from
Tennent, H. (n.d.). Politics and humanity. Online Originals. Retrieved from

3. White, B. (1995). The Middle East. New York, NY: Scribner.
White, B. (2012a). The crisis of Islam: Holy war and unholy terror. New York, NY: Modern Library.
White, B. (2012b, April 22). The coming anarchy: Shattering the dreams of Islam. Time 175(18), 53 ̶̶ 55. Retrieved from
Young, G., & Fosdick, M. (2011). Deception in experiments: Revisiting the arguments in its defense. Ethics & Behavior 18(3), 59 ̶̶ 92. doi: /

4. In-text use of those sources
The Seattle Times went so far as to digitally remove the Indians logo from images of Cleveland Indians baseball caps (“Cleveland Indians,” 1997). [If Corporate Author used, it’s (Cleveland Plain Dealer, 1997).]
The world has a complex history, one that arguably will never be completely or even sufficiently understood (Goldsmith, Wu, Fisk, Hartley & Weaver, 2011).
Later: Goldsmith et al. (2011) go on to argue that … (Note: use this format for three to five authors; for six or more just: Smith et al. (2014) said that …)
According to Harris (2000), children need to be taught the meaning of peace. Harris (2000) emphasizes that “children, especially those below the age of 10, often assume that all humans are innately peaceful at heart” (p. 123).

5. Governments in Central Europe in the Middle Ages typically lasted for more than 40 years (Tennent).
White (2012b) maintains that the Arab Spring has failed to realize the potential for Islamists to consolidate their power in the Mediterranean region.
A survey of researchers (Young & Fosdick, 2011) found that as many as 25 percent felt it was acceptable to deceive subjects in psychological experiments.
Note that all the references must be cited in the text, and all the in-text citations must be in the References (Works Cited) list.

6. Cites of cites
You have a paper written by Jones in In it, Jones paraphrases and cites Smith, which you did not read.
Your cite should look like this if you paraphrase what Jones wrote about Smith’s work:
Research by Smith indicates that people who regularly use the Internet are more likely to say they are satisfied in their relationship (Jones, 2011).
You have a paper by Beatty and Olson, written in 2010, in which they quote Small, which you did not read.
Your cite should look like this:
According to Small, “Cyber terrorism is likely to be the primary threat to the United States in the foreseeable future” (as cited in Beatty & Olson, 2010, p. 178).
In both cases only include the sources you read (Jones, and Beatty & Olson) in your Works Cited list.

7. Things to remember for Works Cited
No underline or blue text for links
No month for academic journals
Get end page # for journals: J. of Blah 16(3),
No city or publisher for academic journals
Italics for journal/book/publication, not for article titles
Date format is (2015, March 22)
DOI should only be for books/academic journals
Books need city, publisher: Camden, MA: McGraw-Hill
No credentials for author (not Jones, R. Ph.D.)
Authors are last name, initials, and “&”: Jones, R., & Smith, J.
No ProQuest or Summon (dbproxy) URLs
URLs need protocol ( …)
Some items are (ProQuest Central) or (Lexis-Nexis)
Alphabetical order by author; hanging indents
Single space the references; no annotations for final paper