1. Microbiology: Kingdom Monera
(Now Kingdom Archaebacteria/Eubacteria)

2. The origin of life Spontaneous Generation – organic from inorganic
Mice from grain?
Bees from cattle?
Lazzaro Spallanzani says NAY!
Boiling
Pasteur
Curved necks

3. The first signs of life 1. Meteor showers + high volcanic activity
2. CO2, CO, H2, N2, CH4, NH3 atmosphere
3. Liquid water shows up
4. prokaryotes (~3.5 billion)
Lake Superior
Neat eh?

4. Miller and Urey Made soup of molecules Meteors with life?
Urea, amino acids, lactic acid
Organic compounds
Uracil/Cytosine
Meteors with life?
Amino acids linking together
Dividing droplets

5. Taking the first step Chicken/Egg scenario RNA likely 1st
Enzymes vs. Enzyme production
RNA likely 1st
1st cells prokaryotic – bacteria like
Heterotrophic (food from soup)
Anaerobes
Live without oxygen

6. Evolving past the soup Food would run out
Natural selection favours those who can harness energy
Photosynthesis (modified) – H2S instead of H2O
Autotrophs
Food from light
Eg. Stromalites

7. Moving towards multicellular
Changes in earth atmosphere
Oxygen and Aerobics
Sexual Reproduction
mutations
Endocytosis of Pieces
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

8. Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Phagocytosis
Host Cell incorporates specialized bacteria
Created Eukaryotes
Symbiotes
Cyanophoa paradoxa
Blue-green algae chloroplasts

9. Prokaryotes revisited – Type 1: Eubacteria
No nucleus
Eubacteria
1-10 micrometers
Cell wall
(carbohydrates)
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Flagella
Huge Variety

10. Eg. Cyanobacteria Blue-green bacteria (≠ blue -green algae)
Photosynthetic (autotrophic)
Contain chlorophyll and phycocyanin
No chloroplasts
Photosynthesis in membranes
fresh water/salt water/land
Grow in hot springs and snow!

11. Type 2: Archaebacteria
Lack important cell wall carbohydrate, different lipids, different ribosomes, different genes….
Live in harsh/extreme conditions
Digestive tracts
Salt lakes
Boiling hot springs

12. Make A Chart – 1. Shapes Sphere - cocci Rod - bacilli
Spiral - spirilla

13. Make a chart: 2. Obtaining Energy
Autotrophs – energy trappers
Phototrophic – energy from sun
Photosynthetic eubacteria
Chemotrophic – energy from inorganic molecules (H2S, Fe etc)
Heterotrophs – energy eaters
Phototrophic – need sunlight for energy, food for nutrition
Chemotrophic – break down organic molecules and absorb
Eg animals

14. Make a chart: 3. Respiration
Need a constant supply of energy
Respiration and fermentation
Obligate Aerobes
Bacteria, people
Obligate Anaerobes
Poisoned by O2
Facultative Anaerobes
no problems

15. Make a chart: 4. Growth/Reproduction
Binary Fission
No recombination/exchange of genes
Asexual
Eg. E.coli
Conjugation
Sexual reproduction
Protein bridge (donor/recipient)
Spore Formation
Conditions unfavourable
Endospore – thick coating

16. Bacterial Importance Pt 1
Foods/Beverages
Cheese, yogurt, sour cream
Industry
Digesting oil!
Mining
Synthesizing drugs
Symbiosis
Intestines
Making vitamins
Digesting food

17. Bacterial Importance Pt. 2
Nutrient flow
Break down dead material - decomposition
Nitrogen fixation, nitrification
Sewage Decomposition

18. What to know Early experiments (including spontaneous generation)
How early earth was different (and why important)
Hetero vs. Autotroph
Anaerobe vs. Aerobe
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Eubacteria vs. Archbacteria
Chart
Shapes, energy, respiration, growth and reproduction
Importance of Bacteria