1. Evidence to Support Evolution
ACADEMIC ninth grade science

2. Warm up…
1. Use the diagram to describe the steps of natural selection for the mouse.

3. Pace of Evolution GRADUALISM: Slow Even pace PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM:
Quick bursts
Many periods of no change

4. Examples: Sickle cell Anemia Peppered Moth

5. Evidence to Support Evolution

6. 1. Fossils Any trace of a dead organism
Calcium in bones is replaced with harder elements
Soft tissues don’t often fossilize
Age determined by radiometric dating

7. 2. Comparative Embryology
Vertebrates have similar early stages; gill slits, “fins”, a tail
Differences accumulate as development continues
New instructions are added to old instructions inherited from ancestors.

8. 2. Comparative Embryology

9. 3. Transitional Forms Intermediates between old and new species
Ex: modern horse descended from dog-sized animal with multiple toes

10. Transitional Forms Fish to Amphibians

11. Transitional Forms Reptiles to Birds

12. Transitional Forms Land Mammals to Aquatic Mammals

13. 4. Homologous Structures
Structures with a common ancestry
Modified versions of structures from other organisms
Ex: bones in appendages

14. 4. Homologous Structures

15. 5. Vestigial Structures Structures with no present function
Remnants of the past;
Previously served a function
Ex: human appendix-may once have been used for digestion
Ex: whale’s pelvis-not needed for swimming, is needed for walking

16. 5. Vestigial Structures

17. NOW…
SciChat

18. Warm up…
1. With your SciChat partner, complete sections 1 & 2 of the Evidence for Evolution Exploration

19. Warm up…
1. With your SciChat partner, complete sections 3 & 4 of the Evidence for Evolution Exploration

20. Warm up… TAKE OUT YOUR REVIEW PART A
What are the steps to natural selection?
How does the peppered moth show these steps?

21. 6. DNA and Proteins DNA make an organism’s proteins
DNA sequence holds the evolutionary history
If species changes, their DNA changes
Closely related organisms share more similar DNA
Ex: humans and chimps share 98% DNA

22. 6. DNA and Proteins Human-Human=99.5% similar
Human-Chimpanzee=98% similar
Human-Cat=90% similar
Human-Cow=80% similar
Human-Mouse=75% similar
(90% analogous regions)
Human-Chicken=60% similar
Human-Fruit Fly=60% similar

23. Now…
SciChat Presentations

24. Now…
Rainfall and Bird Beaks Gizmo

25. Which is NOT homologous & Why?A
Human
Lizard
Octopus B
Bird
Whale
Grasshopper
Lizard
Human

26. So…evolution can cause speciation
Speciation: formation of a new species as a result of natural selection

27. Madagascar & Speciation

28. Now… Read about Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria.
Answer the questions on the back of the Natural Selection Examples Sheet

29. Warm up…
1. Use the diagram and explain the process of speciation.

30. Antibiotic Resistance

31. Now…
Find your new group
Complete Speciation
Work time

32. Warm up…
Did any individual Peppered moth change its color during its lifetime?
Why? (or why not?)
Explain the change from light colored to dark colored moths.
36:15

33. Now… Quick Check-15 minutes-you know it or you don’t
Peppered Moth Graph
This MUST be finished TODAY
Graded TODAY and returned for the questions TOMORROW
Work time

34. Warm up…
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
Explain the steps of Natural Selection.
How does antibiotic resistance show natural selection?

35. Check yours… X Transitional Vestigial DNA Fossils Embryology
Homologous
Transitional
Vestigial
Embryology
DNA
Fossils
Gill Slits… X
Forelimbs…
DNA…
Archaeopteryx…
Whale pelvis…
Common ancestor…
Modern horse…

36. Check yours…
2. UNDERLINE each of these terms or ideas (not the descriptions)
Overproduction
Inherited variation
Struggle to survive
Successful reproduction
Adaptation of the species

37. Check yours… 3. CIRCLE your example
Underline each piece of natural selection you used to defend it

39. Warm up…
Read the article on your sheet and begin to answer the questions on the back.

40. Fossil Activity

41. Warm up… A
Make FOUR observations (facts) about these fossil footprints. Consider size, shape, & position.
Make FOUR inferences (educated guesses) about the prints that reconstruct the events that may have caused this pattern. There is more than one possible answer. B C

42. Warm up… Take out the sheet from Friday
Complete the chart and questions with your partner, using the packet on the table

43. Transitional Forms Activity
Turn to pages in the GREEN textbook.
Read about the transitional forms of the whale.
In your notes, describe what scientists think the ancient ancestor the modern whale was like.

44. DNA and Proteins Activity
Cytochrome C article???????