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AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches

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1 AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches
Part One: History ANCIENT GREECE…UNTIL NOW

2 What is Psychology? The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

3 Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Philosophical Ideas…
Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

4 Philosophical Thought…
Are mind and body connected? Connected Separate Aristotle ( ) Socrates ( BC) St. Augustine ( AD) Plato ( BC) Descartes ( ) Keywords: dualism, Rene Descartes Graphic: picture of Descartes pg. 4 of Gray Why do you think this philosophical inquiry shaped the development of psychological thought?

5 Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science Is Born Empiricism
Knowledge comes from experience via the senses Science flourishes through observation and experiment What would non-empirical evidence look like and what might the consequences be?

6 (also know as) Nature vs. Nurture
Another Question: Innate vs. Learned BIG If knowledge is innate What is the purpose of education? Can intellect be changed by experience? John Locke: The mind as a “blank slate” or “tabula rasa” Keywords: materialism, empiricism, nativism (also know as) Nature vs. Nurture the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

7 WILHELM WUNDT: The birth of modern psychology
( ) Opened first psychology laboratory at Univ. of Liepzig (c. 1879) wrote the first psychology textbook applied laboratory techniques to study of the mind structuralism - identify ‘atoms’ of the mind

8 Wundt and Titchener Structuralism and Introspection
Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind Edward Titchener ( ) Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell University

9 William James and Functionalism
( ) - Started psychology at Harvard in 1870s - Opposed Wundt and Titchener’s approach Functionalism - Influenced by Darwin to focus on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment

10 Psychological Pioneers (The Ladies)
Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist. Calkins was also the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association,. (James’ tutee, 1890) Margaret Floy Washburn, leading American psychologist in the early 20th century, was best known for her experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development. She was the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology. (1905)

11 Darwin and Evolution Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Theory of natural selection (1859) physical characteristics evolve through natural selection behavioral patterns also influence selection Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry Keywords: Charles Darwin, natural selection Graphic: picture of Darwin pg. 8 of Gray

12 IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
Alfred Binet ( ) French intelligence researcher developed first intelligence test Ivan Pavlov ( ) Russian physiologist discovered conditioned reflexes B.F. Skinner ( ) American psychologist at Harvard studied learning and effect of reinforcement behaviorism Sigmund Freud ( ) Austrian physician that focused on illness psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders

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