1. In your own words define the word “map”.
Warm-up
In your own words define the word “map”.
What things should all maps include?

2. Introduction to Mapping

3. Maps
A MAP is a flat representation of a 3 dimensional object.

4. Map Legend Map Scale Compass rose Title Date
Every Map should have:
Map Legend
Map Scale
Compass rose
Title
Date
The Best Map Ever!
July 4th, 1776

5. Reference Points
a REFERENCE POINT is a fixed place on the Earth’s surface from which direction and location can be described
For Earth these are usually the poles

6. Cardinal Directions
The four major directions are known as CARDINAL DIRECTIONS
North
South
East
West

7. True North
A compass is a tool that uses the natural magnetism of the Earth to show direction. A compass points to the Earth’s magnetic pole.
True North: the direction to the geographic North Pole
Magnetic declination: the difference between the magnetic north and the true north

8. Latitude
Latitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface. They run east and west around the globe and tell you your distance north or south of the Equator.

9. Degrees of Latitude Equator is 0o
Poles are 90o N (north pole) 90oS (south pole)
Divide by 60 into minutes or 35’
Divide minutes by 60 into seconds or 15’’

10. Longitude
Longitude lines are imaginary lines on the earth's surface that run from pole to pole around the globe and tell you your distance east or west from the Prime Meridian.

11. Degrees of Longitude Range from 0o – 180o W Range from 0o – 180o E
International dateline is 180°
Distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian
Not parallel, extend vertically from pole to pole.
Distance between lines vary with location

12. Prime Meridian
The meridian (line of longitude) at which the longitude is arbitrary defined to be zero.
Set at an international conference in 1884 passing the line through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, United Kingdom.

13. Latitude and Longitude
(36° N , 79°W)
Coordinate format:
(Latitude Direction, Longitude Direction)

14. A location’s coordinates (____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

15. 30’ is half-way between degrees
Fractions of a Degree
1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree
Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line
Written Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction
30’ is half-way between degrees

16. Application N
W E S
North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.3 (B), Posing and answering questions about geographic distributions and patterns
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

17. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
IN GENERAL, THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

18. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones
The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

19. Time is forward to all places to the east WEST LESS
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west

20. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m. ?

21. World Time Zones

22. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180°
SEPARATES CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
If you took a cruise on a ship, circumventing, or traveling around the entire planet, you would experience firsthand a phenomena that would help you understand the importance of an international dateline. An explorer by the name of Ferdinand Magellan did just that in the year Magellan along with 241 men set out to travel around the entire Earth. These men kept very careful records as they traveled. Yet, when they returned, they found that their calendars were off by one day with the calendars of everyone in their home countries. What happened? How did these men loose an entire day? The day was not lost all at once. It was lost little by little, as the traveled around the Earth. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset.
At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

23. Mapping Technology
Remote Sensing is a technique for collecting information without having to be there.
Examples: Satellites, Red-light cameras

24. Invented in the 1970’s by the military
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Invented in the 1970’s by the military
Uses radio signals sent to Earth to find exact locations
Units are sold today that fit into the palm of your hand

25. Practice

26. Find these countries. Latitude is always given first: (you have a map in your time tracker)
39° N, 116° E
52° N, 13° E
30° N, 31° E
33° S, 18° E
28° N, 106° W
51° N, 0° 5’ W
21° N, 39° E
48° N, 2° E
35° N, 139° E
24° S, 151° E
34° N, 118° W
29° N, 95° W
1 Beijing, China N E
2 Berlin, Germany N E
3 Cairo, Egypt 30 2 N E
4 Cape Town, South Africa S E
5 Chihuahua, Mexico N W
6 London, England N 0 5 W 7 Mecca, Saudi Arabia N E
8 Paris, France N 2 20 E
9 Tokyo, Japan N E
10 Sydney, Australia 34 0 S E
11 Los Angeles, Calif
12 Houston, Tex

27. Find these cities. Latitude is always given first:
39° 56’ N, 116° 17’ E – Beijing, China
52° 30’ N, 13° 25’ E – Berlin, Germany
30° 2’ N 31° 21’ E – Cairo, Egypt
33° 55’ S 18° 22’ E – Cape Town, South Africa
28° 37’ N 106° 5’ W – Chihuahua, Mexico
51° 32’ N 0° 5’ W – London, England
21° 29’ N 39° 45’ E – Mecca, Saudi Arabia
48° 48’ N 2° 20’ E – Paris, France
35° N 139° E – Tokyo, Japan
24° S 151° E – Sydney, Australia
34° N 118° W – Los Angeles, California
29° N 95° W – Houston, Texas
1 Beijing, China N E
2 Berlin, Germany N E
3 Cairo, Egypt 30 2 N E
4 Cape Town, South Africa S E
5 Chihuahua, Mexico N W
6 London, England N 0 5 W 7 Mecca, Saudi Arabia N E
8 Paris, France N 2 20 E
9 Tokyo, Japan N E
10 Sydney, Australia 34 0 S E
11 Los Angeles, Calif
12 Houston, Tex