1. Latitude and Longitude A coordinate system for points on Earth

2. Latitude is the angle between the Equator (0), the center of the earth and a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude run east/west but they measure degrees north or south of the Equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. They are also called parallels.

3. Latitude North Pole South Pole90 80 [
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N at the North Pole. 70 60 50 40 30 20 ]
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S at the South Pole. 10 10 20 30
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A) 40 50 60 70 80 90

4. Longitude is the angle between the Prime Meridian (0), the center of the earth and a point east or west of the Prime Meridian. Lines of longitude run north/south but they measure degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian (0°) splitting the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. They are also called meridians.

5. Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian
60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the
60° line of
longitude west
of the Prime
Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west W E
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

6. Longitude
180° N
North Pole W E
West Longitude
East Longitude
PRIME MERIDIAN S
Lines of longitude (meridians) are numbered East from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and West from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

7. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian
Greenwich,England
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

8. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180° Longitude
SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
If you took a cruise on a ship, circumventing, or traveling around the entire planet, you would experience firsthand a phenomena that would help you understand the importance of an international dateline. An explorer by the name of Ferdinand Magellan did just that in the year Magellan along with 241 men set out to travel around the entire Earth. These men kept very careful records as they traveled. Yet, when they returned, they found that their calendars were off by one day with the calendars of everyone in their home countries. What happened? How did these men loose an entire day? The day was not lost all at once. It was lost little by little, as the traveled around the Earth. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset.
At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

9. Hemispheres of the Earth The Equator, Prime Meridian, and International Date Line divide the earth into hemispheres.

10. Application N
W E S
North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.3 (B), Posing and answering questions about geographic distributions and patterns
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

11. By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed by coordinates.

12. A location’s coordinates ____° N or S, ____ ° E or W (latitude first, longitude second)

13. Fractions of a Degree are called Minutes
1 degree can be divided into 60 minutes
So, 1 minute = 1/60th of a degree
We use minutes when a location is not exactly on the degree line
To write coordinates, write XX° xx’ then compass direction G: I: J: B:
30’ is half-way between degrees

14. Fractions of a Minute are called Seconds
1 minute can be divided into 60 seconds.
1 second = 1/60th of a minute
To write coordinates, write XX° xx’ xx” then compass direction E: C: D: A:
30” is half-way between minutes

15. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours.
360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour
The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

16. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones
The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

17. Time is forward to all places to the east WEST LESS
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west

18. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

19. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.

20. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

21. It’s still daylight in California
Saguenay
Sept-Iles
Thunder Bay
Toronto
St.John
Ottawa
It’s still daylight in California
Québec
Montréal
Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.
Detroit
Dallas
Puerto Rico
Houston
Miami
Mexico City
Havana
Port-au-Prince

22. NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.

23. Iceland
England
Atlantic
Ocean
France
Spain
Italy
AFRICA