1. The Effects of Plate Movements

2. Recall that the Earth is made up of a group of 20 plates that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle floating on top of a dense fluid

3. Convergent –crust is destroyed as plates dive UNDER one another
These plates come together at fault lines and movement in 3 different directions can/will occur:
Convergent –crust is destroyed as plates dive UNDER one another
Divergent –crust is generated as plates move AWAY from one another
Transform –crust is neither produced or destroyed as plates move HORIZONTALLY passed one another

4. Convergent Plate –crust is destroyed
The size of the Earth has not changed much in 4.6 billion years
-Therefore, the crust must be destroyed at the same rate as created
This destruction occurs along convergent boundaries where plates move closer together
These collisions can occur between:
Ocean plates and continental plates
Ocean plates and ocean plates
Continental plates and continental plates

5. Animation 5

6. Divergent –crust is produced
Occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart
What happens?
New crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle

7. Animation 7

8. Transform –crust is neither produced or destroyed
Occur along centres where plates are sliding horizontally passed one another
Offset the active spreading (convergent) ridges
-produced the “zig-zag” like formation of the ridges
Most commonly found on the ocean floor
-but very famous one found in California:
SAN ANDREAS FAULT

9. So what are the results of all these movements?

10. Volcanoes
Volcanoes are simply vents at the Earth's surface through which lava and other volcanic products are erupted.
-are generally found where tectonic plates are either converging or diverging
-on eruption, release not only molten hot lava (1 200 °C) but poisonous gases (sulphur)‏
-the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains mountains over a period of time.
EFFECTS
People killed - Animals killed
- homes destroyed
- Land destroyed --Towns evacuated
- Millions of dollars spent in aid - Hospitals become overloaded
- Army bought in to assist

11. Earthquakes
Occur when two plates that are locked suddenly rub passed each other
-release LARGE amounts of energy = shaking
Each year, more than a million earthquakes occur worldwide.
Focus: location inside Earth where earthquake begins
Epicenter: point on Earth directly above focus  most violent shaking
EFFECTS
-can cause damage to buildings, bridges and roads, but can also cause landslides, mudslides
And if a large enough earthquake occurs under the ocean then you get a . . .

12. TSUNAMI
Click on the word to launch video
Video 2 12

13. Group Assignment Come up with a name and symbol for your agency
Sound the alarms and mobilize your team! You are the leader of a governmental agency that provides disaster relief to countries attacked by natural disasters. Just last night, a call came in from the Prime Minister himself, that a little country off the coast of Taiwan was struck by a tsunami of epic proportions. You are to get into groups of 4, and grab the necessary parts: a piece of chart paper and coloured markers. Your agency has 2 jobs to undertake this very minute:
Come up with a name and symbol for your agency
You are budgeted enough money to be able to assemble care packages for every single person involved in the disaster. Your group is to determine 10 things that you deem of utmost importance to the people of this country for survival.
** Uh oh, a new government has just been put in place and your budget has been slashed in half. You will now look at your list and determine what 5 pieces are the most important for your packages and why. Your group will choose one person to present your care package to the rest of the class **