1. Internal Forces Shaping the Earth
The earth’s crust consists of number of tectonic plates

2. The theory of continental drift
The crust is broken into different ‘plates’
These parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid mantle

3. tectonic plates - enormous moving pieces of the earth’s lithosphere

5. Types of boundary movements:
Divergent – plates move apart, spreading horizontally
Convergent – Plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates to crumple
Transform – plates slide past each other

6. YouTube Video

7. Movement
of the plates
produces
earthquakes
and volcanoes

8. Fault – the boundary between two plates
A crack in the earth’s lithosphere

9. Volcanoes –a mountain with a crater through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

10. Volcanic Eruptions Lava – magma that has reached the earth’s surface
Most volcanoes erupt with volcanic ash, which makes the area great for farming.
The volcanic ash can also create it’s own weather

11. Example-Hawaiian Islands, Galapagos Islands
Hot Spots
narrow stream of hot mantle coming up from the mantle through the crust.
Creates chains of volcanoes as the plate moves across the hot spot.
These volcanoes are not on plate boundaries
Example-Hawaiian Islands, Galapagos Islands

12. The Ring of Fire The most active volcanic and earthquake zone on earth
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes.

14. Earthquake - Violent movement of the earth as the plates grind or slip past each other at a fault
YouTube Video:

15. Tsunami
A giant wave in the ocean caused by an underwater earthquake

17. i. Seismograph – a device that measures the size of the waves created by and earthquake

18. ii.Epicenter
Point directly above the focus of an earthquake on the earth’s surface

19. iii. Richter Scale – uses information collected by seismographs to determine the strength of an earthquake