1. Questionnaire techniques
Zeeshan A. Bhatti

2. When to use questionnaires?
Not good to be used in exploratory research
Primarily used in Descriptive and Explanatory Research
E.g., attitude, opinion etc.
Cause and effect relationships etc

3. Types of Questionnaire

4. The choice of questionnaire
Characteristics of the respondents from whom you wish to collect data
Importance of reaching a particular person as respondent
Importance of respondents’ answers not being contaminated or distorted
Uninformed response
Socially desirable responses
Size of sample; taking into account the likely response rate
Types of question you need to ask to collect your data
Number of questions you need to ask

5. Types of questions Adopt questions used in other questionnaires
Adapt questions used in other questionnaires
Develop your own questions
Open ended questions
Lets respondents to answer their own way
Closed ended questions
Forced choice questions
Provide a no. of alternative answers

6. Six types of closed questions:
List – respondent selects from a list of items
Category – where only response can be selected from a given set of categories
Ranking – to place things in order
Scale – a rating device is used to record responses
Quantity – response if the no. giving an amount
Grid – two or more questions can be recorded using the same matrix

7. Open Questions

8. List Questions

9. Category Questions

10. Ranking Questions

11. Rating or Scale

12. Quantity Questions (Self Coded)

13. Translating questions into other languages
Lexical Meaning
Precise meaning
Idiomatic Meaning
Idioms
Grammar and Syntax
Ordering of words
Experiential Meaning
The equivalence of meaning of words (e.g., dual career household)
Reverse Translation

15. Introducing the questionnaire Sequence of Questions
Coding of Questions
Layout
Covering Letter
Introducing the questionnaire
Clear unbiased title
Sequence of Questions
Administering the questionnaire