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Organics EOC review
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Biomolecules video Enzymes video
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Organisms are composed of organic compounds – carbon containing compounds that can be very large macromolecules Macromolecules are often built by dehydration synthesis and polymerization Four main types 1) Carbohydrates – composed of monosaccharides primarily glucose 2) Lipids – composed of fatty acids joined to glycerol, can also include the steroids 3) Proteins – composed of amino acids (20 different types) – do most of the work in organisms and are major structural components 4) Nucleic Acids – are composed of nucleotides – either DNA or RNA Metabolism – is the chemistry of life – all metabolism is controlled by the action of enzymes Enzymes are proteins that function to speed up chemical reactions in the cell They have a specific shape and interact with a specific substrate which binds at the active site. Enzymes are reusable and are not changed during a chemical reaction They can be damaged at temperature and pH extremes. Chemistry
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Vocab review game
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Term: polysaccharide Term: monosaccharide
Definition: Largest carbohydrate; examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose Definition: Building block of carbohydrates; simple sugar
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Term: amino acid Term: monomer
Definition: Contains an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other Definition: Building blocks of organic compounds (subunit)
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Term: lock and key model
Term: nucleic acid Definition: Compound that stores genetic information and makes proteins Term: lock and key model Definition: Substrate fits an enzyme perfectly to allow reaction to take place
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Term: lipid Term: enzyme
Definition: Large compound made mainly of carbon and hydrogen; used for energy and insulation in humans Definition: Protein that acts as a biological catalyst
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Term: organic compound
Term: nucleotide Term: organic compound Definition: Composed of a nitrogen base, a 5- carbon sugar, and a phosphate group Definition: Life molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen
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Term: polymer Term: carbohydrate
Definition: Many monomers; large unit; organic compound Definition: Compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; used for energy
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Term: disaccharide Term: protein Definition: Two sugars
Definition: Compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; essential for transport and regulation
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Term: triglyceride (glycerol and 3 fatty acids)
Term: amino acid Term: triglyceride (glycerol and 3 fatty acids) Definition: monomer of proteins Definition: monomer of lipids
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What am I game
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Iodine changes from brown to black Litmus paper, pH paper
Test to determine presence of starch
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Monomer: glucose, monosaccharide, simple sugars
carbohydrates Nucleic acids Monomer: glucose, monosaccharide, simple sugars Monomer: nucleotides
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lipids protein Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol molecule
Monomer: amino acids
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carbohydrates carbon Cellulose, glycogen
element found in all organic compounds
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neutral Strong base pH of 7 pH of 13
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Strong acid acid pH of 2 lemon
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base neutral soap water
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Monosacharides triglycerides Monomer of carbohydrates
Monomer of lipids
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Amino acids nucleotides Monomer of proteins Monomer of this molecules
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Amino acids sugar Enzyme monomer maltose
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enzymes lipids maltase Waxy coating on leaves
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protein carbohydrate insulin -ose
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enzymes protein -ase -in
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Practice EOC questions
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Enzymes are classified as which of the following organic compounds and have ______ as monomers.
a. carbohydrates; monosaccharides b. lipids; fatty acids c. nucleic acids; nucleotides d. proteins; amino acids D
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Analyze the observations in the data table and conclude that Substance 1 is an example of which organic molecule? a. potato chips b. bread c. sugar d. carrots B
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Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down lactose
Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down lactose. Which term best describes lactase? a. enzyme; catalyst b. fatty acid; protein c. enzyme; sugar d. starch; sugar A
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Which of the following macromolecules will leave a stain on a brown paper bag?
a. macromolecule 1 b. macromolecule 2 c. macromolecule 3 d. macromolecule 4 B
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Enzymes are catalysts. How do enzymes control the rates of reactions?
A. speed up reactions by raising the activation energy B. slow down reactions by raising the activation energy C. speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy D. slow down reactions by lowering the activation energy C Enzymes are catalysts. How do enzymes control the rates of reactions?
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Which substances are most commonly used as building blocks in carbohydrates and their names commonly end in which letters? a. amino acids; -ase b. simple sugars; -ose c. fatty acids; -in d. nucleotides; -ide B
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A. –end in ose, specific, catalyst B. reusable, specific, inorganic
Choose 3 out of these 5 terms that describe enzymes. reusable, end in –ose, specific, catalyst, inorganic A. –end in ose, specific, catalyst B. reusable, specific, inorganic C. reuseable, inorganic, -end in –ose D. reusable, specific, catalyst D
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________ and __________ denature enzymes, which means __________
A. temperature, pH, change the structure of the active site B. pH, pressure, change the enzyme into a different enzyme C. temperature, pH, change the function of the enzyme D. temperature, pressure, change the enzyme into a different enzyme A ________ and __________ denature enzymes, which means __________
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Enzyme function is directly related to
A. 3-D shape cause by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids B. 3-d shape cause by peptide bonds between the fatty acids C. 3-D shape cause by peptide bonds between the amino acids D. 3-d shape cause by hydrogen bonds between the nucleic acids C Enzyme function is directly related to
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enzyme-substrate complex
1 4 5 2 3 A Label the enzymatic reaction A B C D 1 Substrate Products Active site 2 Enzyme enzyme-substrate complex 3 4 5
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What are some examples of each organic compound?
Essential Questions What are some examples of each organic compound? How are enzymes denatured? Compare the structure of each organic compound. Summarize the function of each organic compound.
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Describe main function of carbohydrates within the cell:
Which biomolecules, made by cells, are the most versatile and responsible for many cell functions? What is the term for a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed by the reaction?
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Vocabulary Carbohydrate Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Nucleotide Enzyme Amino acid Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Starch Glycogen Fatty acids Denature Product Reactant Catalyst Buffer Cellulose Glucose Insulin Hemoglobin Activation energy Phospholipids Steroids DNA RNA organics review game: ml
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