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7 The Nervous System PPT-A 33 slides 2 hour
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PPT-A OUTLINE-Updated
I. Overall Functions II. NS Organization III. Nervous Tissue A. Sensory A. Structural A. Cells B. Integration B. Functional B. Terminology C. Motor III. Nervous Tissue … IV. Physiology B. Terminology A. Electrical Properties C. Functional Classification N B. Action Potentials D. Structural Classification N. V. Central Nervous System VI Peripheral Nervous Sys Ch. 8 Senses A. Brain A. Nerves A. Eye B. Spinal Cord B. Autonomic NS B. Ear PPT-B OUTLINE-Updated PPT-C OUTLINE-Updated
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V. Central Nervous System (CNS) A. Brain
Parietal lobe Left cerebral hemisphere Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Cephalad Cerebellum Caudal Brain stem (b) Figure 7.13b
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Central Nervous System (CNS) … Brain Regions
1. Cerebrum 2. Thalamus, 3. Hypothalamus 3. Brain stem 4. Cerebellum
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1. Cerebrum a. *Location b. Cerebral Hemispheres c. Cerebral Cortex
Corpus Callosum a. *Location b. Cerebral Hemispheres c. Cerebral Cortex *Anterior Association Area function *Broca’s area function *Visual area: where? *Primary Motor Area: function d. Corpus Callosum
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Central sulcus Primary motor area Primary somatic sensory area Premotor area Gustatory area (taste) Anterior association area Speech/language (outlined by dashes) • Working memory and judgment • Problem solving Posterior association area • Language comprehension Visual area Broca’s area (motor speech) Olfactory area Auditory area (c) Figure 7.13c
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*Temperature: function? *Water: function Metabolism
2. Thalamus Relay Station Crude Awareness 3. Hypothalamus *Temperature: function? *Water: function Metabolism *Drives: functions? Emotions Heart, Lungs, … *Regulates Endocrine system via what gland? Thalamus & Hypothalamus
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A. Brain … 4. Brain Stem a. *Midbrain *Reflexes for what? b. *Pons
*Function c. Medulla oblongata Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing vomiting 5. CEREBELLUM
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5. Items Associated with the Brain
*Cerebrospinal Fluid: define b. *Meninges: define Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater & Subarachnoid Space Pia Mater Skin of scalp Periosteum Bone of skull Periosteal Dura mater Meningeal Superior sagittal sinus Arachnoid mater Pia mater Subdural space Arachnoid villus Subarachnoid space Blood vessel Falx cerebri (in longitudinal fissure only) (a)
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Skull Scalp Superior sagittal sinus Occipital lobe Dura mater
Tentorium cerebelli Transverse sinus Cerebellum Temporal bone Arachnoid mater over medulla oblongata (b) Figure 7.17b
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c. *Ventricles define d. Blood-brain barrier Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Septum pellucidum Interventricular foramen Inferior horn Third ventricle Lateral aperture Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal (a) Anterior view
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Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Posterior horn Interventricular
foramen Third ventricle Inferior horn Cerebral aqueduct Median aperture Fourth ventricle Lateral aperture Central canal (b) Left lateral view Figure 7.18b
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Central Nervous System … B. Spinal Cord
from foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra then as a collection of spinal nerves
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Functions: Relays information between ____ & _____. Sensory Motor Spinal Reflexes
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VI. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
PNS = Nerves and ganglia connective tissue
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Axon Myelin sheath Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium Fascicle Blood vessels Figure 7.23
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A. Nerves and their Classification
FUNCTIONAL Mixed nerves = Sensory (afferent) nerves = Motor (efferent) nerves = BY LOCATION 1. Cranial Twelve pairs of nerves Most are mixed three are sensory only
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Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Figure 13.6a Location and function of cranial nerves. Filaments of olfactory nerve (I) Frontal lobe Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Temporal lobe Optic chiasma Optic tract Oculomotor nerve (III) Infundibulum Facial nerve (VII) Trochlear nerve (IV) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Trigeminal nerve (V) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Abducens nerve (VI) Vagus nerve (X) Cerebellum Accessory nerve (XI) Medulla oblongata Hypoglossal nerve (XII) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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PNS: Cranial Nerves I Olfactory nerve II Optic nerve I II
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PNS: Cranial Nerves V Trigeminal nerve: X Vagus nerve: V X
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2. Spinal Nerves: 31 Paired Spinal Nerves
C1 2 3 Ventral rami form cervical plexus (C1 – C5) Cervical nerves 4 5 6 7 Ventral rami form brachial plexus (C5 – C8; T1) 8 T1 2 3 4 5 Thoracic nerves 6 7 No plexus formed (intercostal nerves) (T1 – T12) 8 9 10 Lumbar nerves 11 12 Sacral nerves L1 2 3 Ventral rami form lumbar plexus (L1 – L4) 4 5 S1 Ventral rami form sacral plexus (L4 – L5; S1 – S4) 2 3 4 (a)
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Sciatic Nerve: Phrenic Nerve:
Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Pudendal Sciatic Posterior femoral cutaneous Common fibular Tibial Sural (cut) Deep fibular Superficial fibular Plantar branches
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© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 13.12c The sacral plexus. Gluteus maximus Piriformis Inferior gluteal nerve Common fibular nerve Tibial nerve Pudendal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Sciatic nerve Cadaver photo © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
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