1. C:AVA Tanzania
Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo (Natural Resources Institute, UK)
Grace Mahende (TFNC, Tanzania)

2. C:AVA strives to reduce rural party by developing a competitive High Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) industry based on market-led production and processing
Increase the incomes of more than 100,000 smallholder households and processing employees by improving and developing HQCF value chains over five years
Why cassava?
Why HQCF?
Produced primarily by poor farmers
Drought resistant, flexible in harvesting and planting, less inputs than other crops, often consider a woman’s crop and hence benefitting them
Cassava farmers have restricted market access for produce, because roots are perishable, bulky, and expensive to transport
HQCF is a new opportunity for small-holder farmers and processors
Less capital equipment investment than e.g. starch; builds on existing processing knowledge
multiple market outlets for food and industrial use.

4. Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project
Gibraltar
Tunisia
Morocco
Algeria
Five countries
Five years
Over 75 partners
Lead partner per country
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
West Sahara
Libya
Egypt
North Africa
Mauritania
Niger
Eritrea
Mali
Chad
Senegal
Gambia
Burkina Faso
Guinea-Bissau
Sudan
Djibouti
Guinea
Nigeria 2
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Côte d' Ivoire
Central African Republic
Ethiopia
Liberia
Ghana
Cameroon
Togo
Benin
Equatorial Guinea
Kenya
Kongo
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Gabon
Uganda
Kongo (Zaire) 10
Burundi
Tanzania
Seychelles
Comoros
Angola
Malawi
Mayotte
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Madagascar
Namibia
Botswana 4
Mozambique
Swaziland
South Africa*
Lesotho

5. Technical support in adopting HQCF -Financial services
Main inputs
Business development services - Financial services - Technical support in processing - Ensure quality
Technical support in adopting HQCF -Financial services
Support farmer organisations - Increase cassava productivity - Support Village Processing Units - Ensure quality
Service providers capacity strengthening
Village Processing Units
Bakeries – replacing wheat with HQCF
Farmers/Farmer Processors
Grow cassava and sell semi-processed product to intermediary
Intermediaries (private sector)
Semi-processed product
HQCF
Roots
Grated roots
Value chain
Food processing industry using HQCF
Benefits
Rural areas - Increased farmer incomes
- Employment
Intermediaries - Business opportunity - Employment
End-users: - Increased profitability - Lower consumer prices
Nationally - Reduced imports

6. Cassava
Peel/wash
Grate
Press
Pressed cake
Dry
Cassava grits
Mill and bag
HQCF

7. Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries.
Progress so far
Established value chains in each of the C:AVA countries.
Increasing production of HQCF and other products.
Increasing numbers of beneficiaries
Total HQCF produced,
Tons HQCF
2009 10 11 12

8. Lead Partner: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre
C:AVA in Tanzania
Lead Partner: Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre
Other local partnerships: UPT KIMAS; DALDOS, SIDO
Project location: Southern Tanzania
Cassava production 5.5 million metric tonnes/year
Mkamilo and Jermiah (2005)

9. In Tanzania, C:AVA has developed processing from scratch and overcome a non-receptive business community to help sell farmers improved yields
Situation at project start
Interventions
Low yields (less than 10t/ha)
Established 13.5ha of demonstration plot on cassava agronomy to 36 farmer groups.
Yield improvement to an average of 15t/ha.
HQCF produced,
Tons
Upgraded equipment
18 village processing groups with food grade equipment capacity.
Trained in processing
Low capacity cassava processing equipment and low quality cassava flour
2009 10 11
2012
278T in 2012/13
so far.
Non-receptive
business community
(local cassava flour
processors)
Year 1. Mentored intermediary (aggregators).
Year 3. Mentored 9 cassava processors

10. C:AVA interventions increased cassava root yield led to better profit margins for farmers and processors in Tanzania

11. In Tanzania, C:AVA has overcome the geographic distance to end-users by developing a private sector intermediary and by focusing on both local and distant markets
Biscuit manufacturing purchasing 20t/month
Intermediate aggregator/processor
Mentored intermediary to bulk and transport. To large markets
Farmers/village processors.
Producing to volume and moving HQCF from the processing sites to end markets , was difficult.
Agro-processors
Extending credit to village processors
Formed village processors network to facilitate collective action
Trained 90 rural bakers to expand the local market within Mtwara.

12. Progress to date. Impact study – next year.
62 farmers groups and 37 processors groups
3,000 members
258 tonnes of HQCF so far this year (6 months).
Increased levels of cassava production – resilience to external shocks.
Increased incomes – either as farmers or processors.
Contributing to dietary diversity
Contribute to paying school and health bills.
2009 10 11
2012

13. In Tanzania the HQFC market is under-supplied and huge potential was found for cassava chips (for animal feed)
High potential opportunities
Low feasibility
Case example: Tanzania research study
High feasibility
Definition
Opportunities
Potential Market Size (tons of roots p.a.)
Feasibility
Untapped market opportunities using HQCF, cassava chips, or other products not requiring significant processing
makopa)
170,000
(HQCF)
100,000
(HQCF)
75,000
Immediate wins
Small-scale mills (grits)
50,000
(HQCF)
30,000
Bakeries (HQCF)
14,000
(improved makopa)
11,000
Other non-HQCF products that may require significant processing and launch time
Native starch (export)
228,000
Long-term bets
Clear beer (HQCF)
4,400
Products that would not be feasible due to costs or investment required
Syrups (beverages / sweets)
Starches (paper, paint, textiles, pharmaceuticals)
Snacks
There may be significant potential to target the animal feed industry in the near term plus read demand in the biscuit, bakery and traditional beer sectors
Non-starter

14. Aggregate potential demand for cassava animal feed (root equiv’ mt/yr)
The animal feed sector could be a major demand driver for cassava in Tanzania and Uganda
Sources of animal feed demand
Increased poultry consumption
Increased small scale poultry and dairy keeping in urban areas
Growing interest in aquaculture
Tanzanian poultry population growing 9% annually
Milk production doubling every 5 years in Tanzania
New small and medium scale poultry feed mills are opening in Tanzania and Uganda
Key issue: sources of protein
Shrimp – lake by-product
Improved traits – protein and energy
Country
Aggregate potential demand for cassava animal feed (root equiv’ mt/yr)
Uganda
32,000
Tanzania
170,000
Total
202,000

15. Sectors in Tanz and Uganda for improved Makopa
Improved traditional dried cassava chips (‘Makopa’) would drive demand for cassava in East Africa
Most excess cassava turned into Makopa to prevent total loss
Quality very poor
Many industries don’t need HQCF quality flour
Large volumes available quickly
Therefore, ‘improved makopa’
Traditional ‘Makopa’ represents some quality challenges
Large volumes of ‘Makopa’ are traded around the Great Lakes
Sectors in Tanz and Uganda for improved Makopa
Aggregate potential immediate demand for improved chip (root equivalent mt/yr)
Animal feed
200,000
Traditional/clear beer
30-50,000

16. Inclusion of HQCF in industrial wheat flour could drive cassava demand and replace expensive imports
Wheat flour replacement strategies
Policy led
Uganda: 10-30% HQCF
Tanzania: 10% HQCF
Bakery industry demand led
Urban and rural bakery sector
Biscuit sector
Wheat flour being delivered to a biscuit factory in the lake zone – we could replace this
New bakeries are emerging who can use HQCF
Country
Aggregate potential demand for HQCF as a wheat replacement(root equivalent mt/yr)
Uganda
120,000
Tanzania
100,000
Total
220,000

17. Conclusions
Cassava has an important role in feeding the growing populations of Tanzania
Quality not just quantity.
Prospect for meeting urban demand for high quality cassava product and substitute imported products.