1. Feedback
WLS

2. Feedback
What is feedback ?
Why is feedback important?

4. Feedback

5. Feedback What is feedback ?
Feedback is information given to a performer to identify errors in performance to help them improve, or to identify correct performances made. 
Why is feedback important?
A coach/teacher may be able to detect errors, that the performer is unable to identify or feel from limited kinesthetic awareness.

6. Intrinsic feedback Extrinsic feedback Positive feedback
Type of feedback
Description
Advantages
Disadvantages
Intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback
Positive feedback
Negative feedback

7. Intrinsic feedback Internal information Arises from the sensory system
Continuous in nature
Arises from proprioceptors in muscles, ligaments and joints.
Kinasethisis feedback

8. Intrinsic feedback What are the advantages?
What are the disadvantages?

9. Intrinsic feedback What are the advantages?
Occurs as movement is performed, movement can be corrected/altered immediately. 
Performer does not have to rely on others.
At autonomous stage of learning, kinesthesis is likely to be accurate, and be interpreted correctly, leading to improved performance. 
What are the disadvantages?
May not lead to accurate interpretation if at cognitive stage of learning, or unable to interpret the information from the body. 
Some performers can interpret movements more effective than others. 
Dependent on sensory effectiveness.
If intrinsic feedback is interpreted incorrectly, this will have a negative impact on performance 

10. Extrinsic feedback External source of feedback.
Can lead to improved performance and motivation. 
If feedback is incorrect than performance will deteriorate, lowering motivate and performance. 
Use with care. 
Performer can become too dependent on extrinsic feedback. 
The ability of the performer, the type of activity and the personality needs to be considered when giving feedback. 

11. Extrinsic feedback What are the advantages?
What are the disadvantages?

12. Extrinsic feedback What are the advantages?
Coaching points can lead to improvements in performance as long as the information is accurate and relevant. 
What are the disadvantages?
Performance can be negatively affected if feedback is incorrect; can result in negative transfer. 
If feedback source is unreliable then motivate can drop. 
Does not encourage much kinesthetic awareness as intrinsic feedback. 

13. Positive feedback Reinforces skill learning.
Gives information about a successful outcome. 
Often the information is extrinsic.
Performer is rewarded via praise or positive comments about performance. 

14. Positive feedback
What are the advantages?
What are the disadvantages?

15. Positive feedback What are the advantages?
Leads to positive reinforcement.
Enables correct S-R bond to be formed. 
Extremely motivating to the performer, especially at the cognitive stage of learning. 
Helps build self-esteem and confidence in the performer.
What are the disadvantages?
Undeserved feedback can cause inappropriate S-R bonds and negatively affect performance. 
Not everyone responds well to praise and may ignore it; hindering performance/learning.

16. Negative feedback Information about an unsuccessful outcome.
Used to build successful strategies. 
Can be in the form of criticism.
Concentrates on poor areas of performance. 

17. Negative feedback
What are the advantages?
What are the disadvantages?

18. Negative feedback What are the advantages?
Some are motivated well by negative feedback.
Can result in more determined performer. 
Clear to identify what needs improvement.
Suited to autonomous performers, who need refinement in skill. 

19. Negative feedback What are the disadvantages?
Demotivating, especially at Cognitive stage. 
Some performers take criticism badly. 
May be detrimental to performance/learning process if feedback is incorect.

20. Add notes....... Evaluate KR/KP
Knowledge of results.
Knowledge of performance.
Add notes Evaluate KR/KP

21. Evaluation of KR/KP Both help motivate performers.
Both can demotivate is used incorrectly. 
Reinforcement is essential for effective skill learning. 
Feedback is a good reinforcer.
If movement and result is good, performer will feel satisfaction & S-R bond is strengthened.
Known that the movement and results are good, helps form a picture of what is correct, and associate future performance with that picture, image or model.

22. Effective feedback
Dependent on the quality and nature of the feedback. 
Type of feedback given or is available to a beginner is and should be different for an expert. 
Feedback should involve:
- A limited amount of information
- Immediacy
- Related to the individual
- Facilitate intrinsic feedback

23. Describe...... Intrinsic feedback Extrinsic feedback Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
… in less that 10 words.
How would feedback differ depending on the skill level of the performer?

25. 1 - Classify the skills in the table below on the organisation continuum. (4)
2 – What is the effect of providing knowledge of performance and knowledge of results after a successful competition? (1)
3 – Describe extrinsic feedback and knowledge of performance, using sporting examples. (4)
4 – An elite basketball teams have lost their last three matches. Discuss the suitability of different types of feedback for the basketball team. (5)
400 m running
Gymnastics routine
Cricket bowling
Breaststroke

26. Homework Give practical examples for each type of feedback.
Add to your notes (do not rely on the lesson) - this must be written in GREEN