1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Structure and Function

2. Where can you find it? Inside the cell
- nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chromosomes are made of DNA

3. Parts of a Nucleotide Adenine is always paired with Thymine A + T
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous Bases:
Adenine is always paired with Thymine A + T
Guanine is always paired with Cytosine G + C

4. Structure of DNA Discovery of Double Helix: 1962
James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins received a NOBEL PRIZE
Watson, Crick and Wilkins used unpublished data from Rosalind Franklin’s research obtained without her knowledge and used without her consent.
- She was misrepresented and unrecognized
- She died of cancer in 1958
We know now: DNA is a double helix made of... 
- 4 nucleotides - A, T, G, C  
- in 2 polynucleotide strands    
- strands run antiparallel - [5'-----3'] - held together via weak H-Bonds & complimentary base pairing (A-T and C-G)

5. DNA is double-stranded, with complementary base pairing

6. A C T G G A T C

7. DNA Structure
To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases.
The bases are arranged in triplets called codons.
A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G
T C C - G A G - T T C - A G G - A T C

8. DNA Structure In eukaryotes it is always associated with proteins
NUCLEOSOMES = DNA wrapped around 8 histones (proteins)
Help compact DNA
Help control DNA transcription

9. DNA’s job Stores information It has the code for all 20 amino acids
Mutation: changes in the base sequence  primary structure of a protein is altered (changing its shape)
Can be harmful, neutral or beneficial
Important: create variation – basis of natural selection

10. RNA Discovered after DNA Single strand shorter than DNA
Contains Uracil instead of Thymine
A+U G+C
Sugar = ribose (DNA contains deoxyribose)
Types:
mRNA: messenger blueprint for protein
rRNA: ribosomal  makes up ribosomes
tRNA: transfer  delivers the proper amino acid to the ribosome