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Chemistry of LIFE
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What’s the matter???
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Matter is made of… Atoms e- N P+ e- P+ N Nucleus
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Protons In Nucleus Charge is positive + P+ P+ P+
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Neutrons N In Nucleus Charge: 0 neutral N N
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Electrons e- Orbit Nucleus e- e- Charge is Negative -
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Quiz Question #1 Name the 3 subatomic particles.
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Substance that consists of only one kind of atom
Element Substance that consists of only one kind of atom
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Isotopes are the same atom with different numbers of Neutrons
Hydrogen Atoms
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Then what is a Compound??
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A compound is formed by the chemical combination of different atoms.
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Quiz Question #2 What is a compound made from?
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What Kinds of Chemical Bonds are there?
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Ionic bonds are strong bonds in which atoms gain and lose electrons
e- e- e- e- e- Electron is transferred between two neutral charged atoms e- + e- - e- e- e- e- e- Atoms of ionic compound charged
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Covalent bonds are between atoms which share electrons
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Water has a covalent bond with electrons shared unevenly
Charge is uneven Molecule is bent
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Quiz Question #3 Name the type of bonding that shares electrons.
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Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION
Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION. Water molecules are attracted to each other Attraction
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Cohesion Pulls water molecules together
Cohesion Pulls water molecules together. This is strongest at the surface. Which Means…
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Uneven Charge Results in adhesion
Uneven Charge Results in adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to other substances.
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Adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel long distances in a narrow tube
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The Chemical properties of H2O are responsible for Ice being less dense than liquid water
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Quiz Question #4 Explain why water has the properties of cohesion and adhesion.
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PH: 8-14 PH: 0-6 Contain: more OH- ions Contain: more H+ ions
Acids Bases PH: 8-14 Contain: more OH- ions PH: 0-6 Contain: more H+ ions
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In our body Acids and Bases are Buffered
Homeostasis maintains a PH of in humans
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We constantly consume and use stronger acids and bases
OJ Coke You Soap Bleach
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Quiz Question #5 What pH’s would be named “acids”?
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Organic Chemistry/ Carbon Chemistry
Chemistry of compounds with Carbon
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What Makes Carbon Special?
It has 4 electrons to share in covalent bonds
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C C Forms Single Bonds O Double Bonds Triple Bonds
Bonds with other atoms O C C H
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Quiz Question #6 What physical property makes carbon a special element?
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Carbon forms 4 important compounds in living things
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Living things use Carbohydrates for energy
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Polysaccharides= Starches
Monosaccharide= simple sugar Polysaccharides= Starches
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Lipids store energy, and make up cell membranes
Fatty Acids Glycerol
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Lipids store energy, and make up parts of our cell membranes
WE eat lipids in…
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Proteins are made of long amino acid chains
Amino acids: 20 kinds and they determine shape
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Proteins DO… Regulate cell processes Fight disease Control reactions
Move materials Build, Bone, Muscle, ect.
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We Eat Proteins in…
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When we eat organic molecules our bodies use them for energy
Lipids (fats): 9 kcal per gram Carbohydrates: ~4 kcal per gram
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Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information
Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information. Known as DNA and RNA. Made of pieces called nucleotides.
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Quiz Question #7 What are the 4 organic compounds we sutdy in biology?
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Chemical reactions Form bonds Break bonds store energy release energy
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Some reactions require activation energy to begin. Often high heat
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Enzymes are catalysts allowing reactions with lower activation energy
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Quiz Question #8 What is activation energy?
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