1. More on hydraulics

2. Review There are 3 phases of matter: Solids, liquids, and gases.
Fill in the table on your handout.

3. Sliding, rolling over each other Moving freely
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Distance between particles
Close
Far apart
Attraction forces between particles
Very strong
Meh
(not as strong)
Weak
Movement of particles
Vibrating only
Sliding, rolling over each other
Moving freely
Shape of the matter
The shape of the object
The shape of the container
Volume of the matter
The volume of the shape
Volume of the liquid
Volume of the container

4. Remember… Liquids and gases are fluids.
Liquids always keep the same volume. They cannot be squeezed into a smaller place. This is why we call them non-compressible fluids.
Gases can be squeezed into a smaller space, so they are called compressible fluids.

5. Pressure
Pressure is the amount of force applied perpendicularly to a surface.
The standard unit of pressure is the Pascale (Pa).

6. Force
A push or a pull, that changes the motion of an object. Gravity and friction are examples.
The standard unit of force is the Newton (N).

7. Calculating force
P is:
F is:
A is:

8. The effect of surface area
If pressure is spread out over a large area, there is ____________ force.
If pressure is spread out over a small area, there is ____________ force.

9. The effect of surface area
If pressure is spread out over a large area, there is reduced force.
If pressure is spread out over a small area, there is increased force.