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The Kinetic Molecular Theory

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Presentation on theme: "The Kinetic Molecular Theory"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
Movement in solids, liquids, and gases

2 The theory of moving molecules!
Describes the differences between gas, liquid, and solid states.

3 Assumptions within the KMT
1. Gases are made of tiny particles that are far apart from each other. 2. Gas particles are in continuous, rapid, random motion

4 More Assumptions 3. There are no attractive forces between molecules under normal conditions. 4. Collisions between particles are elastic (no energy is lost due to friction).

5 Last Assumption 5. Particles at the same temperature have the same average kinetic energy.

6 States of Matter: a review

7 KMT & Changing State of Matter
Gases- Attractions are insignificant Liquids- Attractions are more important, leading to a more ordered state Solids- Attractions are most important with a very ordered state!

8 KMT & Changing State Involves adding or removing energy (changing temperature) or changing pressure.

9 KMT & Changing States of Matter
What happens, on a molecular level, when you add heat to a solid? Molecules vibrate more rapidly Molecules “escape” to the liquid states and slide past each other. What happens when you boil/evaporate a liquid? Molecules absorb more energy, move faster Can break weak bonds that keep them liquid and “escape: into the gas state.

10 KMT and Changing State of Matter
The opposite occurs when you cool a gas down until it becomes a liquid and then cool the liquid until it solidifies.

11 What happens when we change pressure?
Pressure – the force per unit area Volume- amount of space an object takes up Temperature- average kinetic energy of the particles These 3 concepts are related to each other!

12 Pressure, Volume, & Temperature
What would happen to the pressure from the molecules in the balloon if I decreased the volume?

13 Pressure & Volume Decreasing the Volume would Increase the Pressure
V P There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume!

14 Volume & Temperature What would happen to the balloon if I increased the temperature?

15 Volume & Temperature Adding heat would increase the speed of the molecules, which increases the pressure inside the balloon, which increases the volume!

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