1. MUH 3211 - Music History I “Polyphony to 1300”
12/1/2018
Chapter 2
“Polyphony to 1300”
DAY 8 (22 Sep 17)

2. Polyphony Defined? Two (or more) lines [voices] combined
Origins? – possibly improvised
Notated – earliest in mid-9th century
Based on plainchant
“Organum” (generic term for most early polyphony)

3. Musica enchiriadis “music handbook” (c. mid-late 800s)
Literally, “how to make music”
Organum - parallel voices at the 4th and/or 5th
Vox principalis (given) = chant
Vox organalis (improvised [usually] below)
Can be doubled at octave (4 voices total)
Ex. parallel organum and more parallel organum
Also see textbook examples

4. Musica Enchiradis (excerpt)
Beginnings of independent lines
Ex. Two-part organum

5. Later developments “Perfect” intervals - unison, octave, 4th, 5th
Independent lines - John [Cotton], 12th C - contrary motion
Florid/melismatic Organum - faster upper line / held chant
Abbey of St. Martial
Anthology I/10 - Ex. Codex Calixtinus "Cunctipotens genitor Deus"
Codex Calixtinus (c. 1140?)

6. Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris)
Notre Dame Organum
New Building - begun in 1163
Magnus Liber Organi (not an actual book) (3 primary sources)
Extensive repertoire of polyphonic mass pieces - 2vv = Léonin - 3vv & 4 vv = Perotin
Described by Anonymous IV
Cathedral of Notre Dame (Paris)

7. Notre Dame (Paris) Nave
MUH Music History I
Notre Dame (Paris) Nave
12/1/2018
DAY 8 (22 Sep 17)