1. Innate Immunity
Fever is an abnormally high body temperature due to resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat.
Non-specific response:
speeds up body reactions
increases the effects of endogenous antimicrobials
sequesters nutrients from microbes

2. Innate Immunity
Inflammation is defensive response of almost all body tissues to damage of any kind (infection, burns, cuts, etc.).
The four characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, pain, heat, and swelling.
It is a non-specific attempt to dispose of microbes and foreign materials, dilute toxins, and prepare for healing.

3. Innate Immunity The inflammatory response has three basic stages:
Vasodilation and increased permeability
Emigration (movement) of
phagocytes from the
blood into the
interstitial space
and then to site
of damage
Tissue repair

4. Innate Immunity
Vasodilation allows more blood to flow to the damaged area which helps remove toxins and debris.
Increased permeability permits entrance of defensive proteins (antibodies and clotting factors) to site of injury
Other inflammatory mediators include histamine, kinins, prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs), and complement.

5. Innate Immunity Emigration of phagocytes depends on chemotaxis
Neutrophils predominate in early stages but die off quickly.
Monocytes transform into macrophages and become more potent phagocytes than neutrophils.
Pus is a mass of dead phagocytes and damaged tissue.
Pus formation occurs in most inflammatory responses and usually continues until the infection subside.

6. Innate Immunity The inflammatory response is depicted in this graphic:
Edema results from
increased permeability
of blood vessels.
Pain is a prime symptom
which results from
sensitization of nerve
endings by the
inflammatory chemicals.