1. INFLAMMATION and TISSUE REPAIR

2. Inflammatory Response Occurs when tissue is irritated or damaged Coordinated local response involves Mast Cells Macrophages ( and leukocytes)

3. Inflammation: Symptoms Localized Vasodilation and Increased capillary permeability cause: Redness Heat Swelling Pain Decreased Function

4. A Closer Look at Edema Vasodilation = redness/heat Increased Vascular Permeability Vascular Disruption (Bleeding)

5. Inflammatory Mediators Mast Cells: Chemical Coordination Histamines: Vascular Permeability/swelling and WBC’s Prostaglandins: Vasodilation/Pain Kinins/Leukotrienes: Infection control - activates WBC’s

6. Anti-Inflammatory Meds Steroids: Cortisol (cortisone), Dexamethasone, Prednisone etc. Inhibit mediators Inhibit immune response Systemic meds for local problems MANY serious side effects and so is used conservatively

7. Anti-Inflammatory Meds NSAID’s: Non Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, etc. Inhibit Prostaglandins Also decreases platelet activity (blood clotting) -> Bleeding risk Dehydration?

8. “This Just In” First Aid for ACUTE INJURY R (Rest) I (ICE) C (Compression) E (Elevation)

9. No NSAID’s for Acute Injury Inflammatory Response is NORMAL and GOOD Inhibitions of IR for acute injury will slow healing Chronic Inflammation requires anti-inflammatory treatment

10. Tissue Repair: Steps 1 & 2 Clot Formation: Stops Bleeding - Inflammatory Response is initiated -> Vasodilation/permeability Scab Formation: Platelets produce fibrin - sequesters the wound: Fibroblasts and Macrophages move in to “clean-up” and “build”

11. Tissue Repair: Steps 3 & 4 Granulation Tissue is generated: New collagen (fibroblasts) and blood vessels develop Replacement Tissue: Normal connective tissue or scar (persistent granulation tissue)

12. Replacement or Regeneration ? Labile Cells: Continually dividing - capable of regeneration of normal tissue (Stem Cells) Stable Cells: Not dividing unless injured - may regenerate Permanent Cells: Unable to divide - damage leads to replacement

13. Assignment: Turn in Histology Labs Answer the “Develop Your Reasoning Skills” in groups of 3 (2 questions each)