1. Ch. 1 – Regional Geography of The United States
An Interactive Presentation

2. Section 1 – Thinking Geographically
What is Geography?
Geography is the study of people, their environments, and their resources.

3. The Five Themes of Geography

4. Looking at the Five Themes
1. Location
Exact location describes a place on a grid of numbered lines on a map or a globe.
Lines of longitude measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian.
Lines of latitude measure distance north and south from the Equator.
Relative location describes one place in relation to another place.
Test question

5. Looking at the Five Themes
2. Place
Physical features—Examples: climate, soil, vegetation, animal life, bodies of water, and natural resources
Natural resources—materials humans take from the environment to satisfy their needs
Human features—Examples: types of housing, transportation, jobs, languages, and religions
3. Human Environment Interaction
People adapt to the land
People change the land, through crops, irrigation, pest control, and drilling for oil
Irrigation—bringing water to dry lands

6. Looking at the Five Themes
4. Movement – occurs because people and resources are scattered around the globe
- people travel to get what they want/need
- ideas and goods are exchanged
-Ex: population trends
5. Region
Unifying physical characteristics – climates, landforms
The U.S. is full of many different regions (and climates) based upon physical geography.
Unifying human characteristics – language, culture
Test question

7. Geography and Population Trends
Population Trend – change in the size of population influenced by nationality, mortality, immigration (come to live permanently in a foreign country), emigration (act of leaving ones own country to live permanently in another).
Examples:
Late 1700s—People lived along the Atlantic coast or near other water transportation.
Early 1800s—With new forms of transportation, people moved westward and cleared land for farms.
Late 1800s—White settlers overcame Native Americans and settled the West.
Mid 1900s—People were attracted to cities with mild climates in the south and west.
Test question topic

8. Geography and Population Trends
Population distribution – is the physical dispersing or spreading of people across the world.
Population density – is the number of people living in a particular area – usually per square mile.
Test question topic. Mention how people chose to live in certain locations based on natural resources like water/mountains/fertile soil or climate

9. Cartographers Make Maps and Globes
Cartographers make different types of maps for different purposes.
Physical maps show physical features such as mountains and bodies of water.
Political maps show countries, states, and capitals and other cities.
Thematic maps deal with specific topics-population, rainfall, vegetation, or elections.
Cartographers make maps using different map projections for different purposes.
Cartographer—mapmaker
Map projections—ways to show the earth on a flat surface. Types of map projections are Mercator and Robinson

10. Types of Maps 1. Physical Maps:
- show mountain ranges, bodies of water, & other natural physical features.
- these things are determined by people.
2. Political Maps:
- show features that are determined by people including boundaries of countries & states, as well as locations of capitals & cities.
Test questions

11. 3. Thematic Maps:
- maps that deal with specific topics or themes.
A. Population maps show the # of people in a particular area.
B. Economic maps show how people make a living in an area.
C. Battle maps show locations of major battles & routes of advancing & retreating armies.
D. Other Thematic Maps - Natural Resources, Rainfall, Vegetation, elections, religious and ethnic maps.

12. Not writing this…just talk about it.

13. Continents & Countries
Continent – One of several large landmasses on Earth. They are identified by SEVEN regions. They are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia & Europe.
Country – The land or territory of a nation. Size and shape determined by borders created by people.

14. Can You FIND All 7 Continents and 4 Oceans??

15. THE 7 CONTINENTS

16. 4 6 1 2 3 5 7 Name That Continent Asia Europe North America Africa
South America 5
Australia 7
Antarctica

17. The Four Oceans 4
Arctic
Atlantic 1
Pacific 2 3
Indian

18. Section 2 - Lands and Climates of the United States

19. Physical Regions of the U.S.
Pacific Coast – westernmost region; includes high mountain ranges that stretch from Alaska to Mexico (Ex: The Cascades and the Sierra Nevada)
Intermountain – east of Pacific Coast; marked by peaks, high plateaus, deep canyons, and dry sandy deserts (Ex: Grand Canyon and the Great Salt Lake in Utah)
Rocky Mountains – stretch from Alaska through Canada into the western U.S.; includes some of the highest peaks in the U.S.

20. Physical Regions of the U.S.
Interior Plains – a large lowland area between the Rockies in the West and the Appalachian Mountains in the East; dry western part is the Great Plains and eastern part is the Central Plains; rich resources (coal and petroleum), fertile soil for farming and grasslands for raising cattle
Ozark Highlands – extend across southern Missouri and northern Arkansas and into eastern Kansas; thick forests equal industries in forestry, agriculture, and mining

21. Physical Regions of the U.S.
Appalachian Mountains – run along the eastern part of North America from Canada to Georgia and Mississippi; known by different names in different parts of the range. (Ex: The Green Mountains in Vermont, Alleghenies in West Virginia, and Great Smoky Mountains that stretch from Tennessee to North Carolina)
Canadian Shield – a lowland area that lies mostly in eastern Canada with southern parts in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; high mountains are now low hills due to erosion, rich in minerals

22. Physical Regions of the U.S.
Coastal Plains – easternmost region of North America
fairly flat, lowland area
First region settled by Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean
Two subregions
Atlantic Plain – lies between the Atlantic Ocean and Appalachian Mountains
Gulf Plain – lies along the Gulf of Mexico
Hawaiian Islands – far out in the Pacific Ocean; wet tropical climate and dense tropical rain forest vegetation, formed by volcanoes

23. Famous American Waterways
Mississippi-Missouri River System
Main branches
Mississippi River
Missouri River
Tributaries
Ohio River
Tennessee River
Arkansas River
Platte River
Rivers and lakes are used to transport goods from one region to another
Tributary—stream or smaller river that flows into a larger one
Large font - test questions

24. Famous American Waterways
Other major rivers
Colorado River
Hudson River
Rio Grande
To the south, the Rio Grande forms part of the border between Texas and Mexico and to the north, the St. Lawrence River separates the Northeast from Canada.
Great Lakes
Superior
Michigan
Huron
Erie
Ontario
Large font - test question

25. The United States Where are The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, The Gulf of Mexico, The Mississippi River and The Great Lakes?
The Great Lakes
Rocky Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Mississippi River
You are here! 
Gulf of Mexico

26. Climate and Weather Words
Weather—condition of the atmosphere at any given time or place
Climate—the average weather of a place over 20 or 30 years
Precipitation—water that falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
The temperature and precipitation of an area define an area’s climate.

27. How Climates Vary Type of Climate Where Characteristics Marine
Pacific Northwest
Mild, moist ocean air; warm summers; cool winters
Mediterranean
California
Mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Highland
Cascades, Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains
Varies according to altitude; cooler than surrounding lowland
Desert
Southwestern United States
Hot days; cold nights; little rain
Steppe
Great Plains
Hot summers; cold winters; little rain
Test question

28. How Climates Vary Subarctic Type of Climate Where Characteristics
Humid Continental
Central Plains and northeastern United States
Mild summers, cold winters; much rain
Tropical
Southern Florida and Hawaii
Hot; humid
Humid Subtropical
Southeastern United States
Warm; regular rain
Tundra
Northern and western Alaska
Cold year-round
Subarctic
Rest of Alaska, northern Canada
Long, cold winters; short summers
Test question

29. Section 3 – Tools of History
Use the information in this section to make sure your handout is correct!

30. Historians Evaluate and Interpret Historical Evidence
Collecting Evidence
Primary sources—firsthand information—official documents, public speeches, eyewitness accounts, for example
Secondary sources—accounts by people who did not witness an event; based on primary sources—textbook, encyclopedia, biographies, for example
Evaluating Evidence
Authenticity—whether the source is what it seems to be
Reliability—whether the source is accurate
Bias—leaning toward or against a certain person, group, or idea
Interpreting Evidence
Determine the cause of a development or event
Historians have their own biases
Large font – test questions

31. Archaeologists Add to Our Knowledge of History
Chapter 1, Section 3
Archaeologists Add to Our Knowledge of History
Archaeology is the study of evidence left by early people
Archaeologists Study Artifacts
Archaeologists form theories about the cultures of ancient peoples
Archaeology—study of evidence left by early people in order to find out about their way of life.
Artifact—objects made by humans, such as tools and weapons.
Culture—a people’s way of life—home, economy, government, for example.
Large font – test questions

32. Understanding Chronology
Chapter 1, Section 3
Chronology
Chronology—sequence of events over time
Absolute chronology—exact time, in centuries, years, days, and so forth
Relative chronology—time of an event in relation to the time of another event
Large font – test questions

33. Section 4 – Economics and Other Social Sciences

34. Other Social Sciences Support the Study of History
Example
Political Science
Government
How Americans created the Constitution
Civics
Rights and responsibilities of citizens
Freedom of speech, worship, and assembly; voting, military service
Anthropology
How peoples and cultures develop
How first Americans spread across the continent
Sociology
How people behave in groups
Comparing life in a farming community with life in a big city
Psychology
How people think and behave
Understanding the views and biases in a primary source
Social sciences—studies that relate to human society and social behavior
Test questions

35. Economists Ask Three Basic Questions About Society
1. What goods and services should we produce?
Food, shelter, clothing
Consumer goods
Construction, transportation
Services—education, for example
2. How should we produce them?
Small enterprises
Large factories and farms
3. For whom should we produce them?
Cash economy
Economics—the study of how people manage their limited resources to satisfy their wants and needs
Consumer—user of goods and services
Cash economy—economic system where people exchange money for goods and services
Test questions

36. Free Enterprise System
Allows consumers freedom to make economic choices
Buying decisions help businesses determine what to make, how much to make, and what price to charge.
Free enterprise – the government plays a limited role in the economy. - owned by private citizens - owners decide what to produce, where to sell products, and what prices to charge -
Test questions