1. Mediterranean Civilizations
Mediterranean Sea: the sea that is surrounded by Europe to the north, Africa to the south, Asia to the east, Straits of Gibraltar to west (opening to the Atlantic)

2. Phoenician Sea Power Phoenicia: Mediterranean sea-faring civilization
Created an empire throughout Mediterranean
Tyre was their major city

3. Phoenician Sea Power
Made profit from trading sea snails that made purple/blue dye
Thrived from about 1100 – 800 BCE
Kept other people from sailing Mediterranean by telling tales of sea monsters

4. Phoenician Sea Power
Brought items from throughout the Mediterranean to their cities.
Exotic items sold in bazaars
Alphabet: set of symbols meant to represent sounds
Phoenicians used alphabet of 22 letters to conduct trade; earliest alphabet

5. Rise of the Israelites
South of Phoenicia a group called the Hebrews settled in the Jordan Valley
Later called Israelites
Much of their history is told through the Hebrew Bible, the Torah

6. Rise of the Israelites Polytheism: Belief in many gods
Monotheism: Belief in one god
Israelites were monotheistic
Early Israelites were shepherds

7. Rise of the Israelites Abraham was a leader
Abraham took Israelites from Mesopotamia to the land of Canaan.
Famine: a time where there is not enough to eat, and people starve
Famine forced Israelites to leave Canaan and move to Egypt

8. Rise of the Israelites
Israelites stayed in Egypt for a few hundred years
Pharaoh: “King” of Egypt
Pharaoh forced them into slave labor

9. Rise of the Israelites
Israelite leader/prophet, Moses led them out of Egypt in the EXODUS
They wandered the Sinai Peninsula for 40 years
Torah says that God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, a set of laws
Canaan
Sinai
Peninsula
Egypt

10. Rise of the Israelites After Exodus, they returned to Canaan
Began farming and built cities
King David established capital in Jerusalem

11. Rise of the Israelites Kingdom later split into two parts
Northern area was called Israel
Southern was called Judah
Assyrians invaded and took over Judah

12. Rise of the Israelites
Exile: to force people to live in another place or country
Israelites resisted Assyrian control; thousands were exiled to other places in empire
612 BCE, Chaldean Babylonians conquered Assyria and Judah

13. Rise of the Israelites
587 BCE, king of Judah rebelled against the Chaldeans
Chaldean king, Nebuchadnezzar responded by destroying Jerusalem and exile Judeans to Babylonia