1. Section 1: What is ‘developed’ explanation?
Focus: AO1 & AO2
Question types: all those that demands analysis and explanation of second order concepts, underpinned b knowledge and understanding.
In what ways…
Which of the following…
Write an account…
How far do you agree with the statement?
Explain the significance of…
Compare…In what ways are they similar?
Has X been the major factor in…
Explain what was important about…
The main change was…

2. Paper 1 Section B – the write an account question
Introduced for Ofqual – No difference in approach. It could easily be:
‘How did the shooting down…’
Writing a story with an end effect in mind
Write an account (8 marks)
Write an account of how the shooting down of a U2 spy plane in became an international crisis (8 marks)
Students need to be able to:
demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of a sequence of events
use cause and/or consequence to demonstrate how these events led to a wider problem
Will always be a crisis
Point of the question – not really a sequential question

3. Lots of knowledge but there is no order / sequence to the event
Write an account of how the shooting down of a U2 spy plane in 1960 became an international crisis (8 marks)
Level
Descriptor
Mark
Level 1
Basic analysis of causation/consequence
Answer is presented as general statements which demonstrates basic knowledge and understanding that is relevant to the question.
1-2
Level 2
Simple analysis of causation/consequence
Answer is presented in a structured account that demonstrates specific knowledge and understanding that is relevant to the question.
3-4
Level 3
Candidates may progress from a simple narrative of causation/consequence with developed sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate factual knowledge and understanding which might be related, for example to an analysis of how/why tension increased at one stage in the process.
5-6
Level 4
Complex analysis of causation
Candidates may progress from a developed narrative of causation/consequence with complex sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate and detailed factual knowledge and understanding which might be related, for example, to an analysis of how/why tension increased at different stages and /or showing understanding about how much each part of the sequence increased tension and led to a crisis.
7-8
Lots of knowledge but there is no order / sequence to the event
There is a structured narrative of the event (description of the start / middle and end of the event)
One explained reason why the event increased tension / caused a crisis
More than one reason why the event increased tension / caused a crisis
Complex explanation =
assessment of how far each stage increased tension / led to a crisis

4. A very brief mark scheme…
Level 1 Basic
Lots of knowledge but there is no order / sequence to the events
Level 2 simple
There is a structured narrative. The narrative of the event is described in detail
Level 3 developed
One explained reason for why the event caused a crisis
Level 4 complex
Two or more reasons why the event increased tension and caused a crisis

5. Paper 1 Section B – the write an account question
Write an account of how the shooting down of a U2 spy plane in 1960 became an international crisis (8 marks)
Level 1 Basic
Identifying statements (excess knowledge)
Level 2 Simple
Answer is presented in a structured account that demonstrates specific knowledge
Level 3 developed
A Developed analysis/explanation of causation/consequence
Answer is presented in a structured and well-ordered narrative/account that demonstrates a range of accurate knowledge
Level 4 Complex
Two developed analytical reasons
When a US spy plane was shot down by the Soviets, the pilot Gary Powers was arrested. When the US claimed that it was a weather plane which got lost, powers was paraded on TV and Khrushchev called their bluff, accusing the Americans of spying. The US were humiliated not only for being caught spying but also for trying to cover it up. The USSR’s demand for an apology was refused.