1. First Amendment
Protects the rights of freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and petition.

2. Three-Fifths Compromise
Counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of taxation and representation

3. What is the belief that said that the United States was meant to spread across the continent?
Manifest destiny

4. Missouri Compromise
The North and South had kept the balance of free and slave states. This was threatened when Missouri was going to join the Union as a slave state. To keep the balance, Maine was brought into the Union at the same time.
The Missouri Compromise maintained the balance between slave and free states

6. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

7. Compromise of 1850
In 1850, there was another problem with free and slave states. All of the territory won in the war with Mexico would become states soon. The issue was solved by allowing California into the Union as a free state, and having the territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah decide the issue of slavery themselves.
California was admitted to the Union as a free state.

8. Southern Agriculture

9. The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave.
His owner took him to a free state in the North.
Scott sued for his freedom because he was in a free state.
The case went all the way to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a slave and therefore property, so he could not sue.
The court also said that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

10. 1852 Election Results

11. 1856 Election Results

12. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

14. Secession!

15. Reconstruction
The immediate goal of Reconstruction was to bring the Southern states back into the Union.
The goal of the 14th and 15th amendments was to give rights to formerly enslaved persons.

16. Reconstruction
The Freedmen’s Bureau helped resolve conflicts between blacks and whites.
They set up schools for newly freed slaves.
Provided relief for those people hurt by the war.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were designed by Southern lawmakers to prevent African-Americans from voting.

17. Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Definition: a white supremacist group originating in the South after the Civil War. The KKK has been responsible for countless acts of terrorism, violence, and lynching all intended to intimidate, murder and oppress African Americans, Jews, and other minorities.
Membership
1920 = 4,000,000
1930 = 30,000
1980 = 5,000
2008 = 6,000
Alleged Klan Members:
Harry Truman
Warren G. Harding
16 Senators
11 Governors
? # Representatives

18. Jim Crow Laws
Definition: Laws that separated/segregated African Americans and other non-white racial groups from White Americans.
Some commonly segregated spaces as a result of Jim Crow were:
schools
public areas
transportation
restrooms
restaurants