1. The Thirty Years War
Section 5-3

2. Causes
Rising Tension
Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe (Protestant Union / Catholic League – 1609)
Bohemian Protestants Revolt
In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers over the closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II
Result is Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, power between European ruling families

3. Fighting the War Hapsburg Triumphs
From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victories
Troops plunder many German villages
Hapsburg Defeats
In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants due to Gustavus Adolphus well disciplined army and support from France’s Cardinals Richelieu (top) and Mazarin (bottom)
They feared Hapsburg power despite the fact that they Catholic

4. The Peace of Westphalia
War ruins German economy, greatly decreases population
Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends religious wars in Europe
Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France
Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace

5. Beginning of the Modern States
Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent states
It ended the idea of a Catholic Empire that would rule most of Europe.