1. Bellringer 1/11 Who is depicted in this cartoon? How do you know?
What is the artist trying to say about Americans?
Why did the artist choose Powerball and Trump?
What is the connection he sees between these two things?
To what political party does the artist likely belong?

2. Principles of Govt

3. Principles of Government Scale4
SWBAT:
Make in-depth inferences and apply learning to new concepts
Apply learning to current events. 3
Perform complex skills:
Compare and contrast different forms of government.
Analyze capitalism for advantages and disadvantages.
Categorize scenarios under different forms of government. 2
Recognize and recall specific terms:
Public policy, dictatorship, democracy, unitary government, free enterprise system, mixed economy, oligarchy, etc.
Perform basic skills
Identify the different ways to categorize governments.
List the requirements of a state. 1
With help, I know some of 2 and 3.
Even with help, I am unable to understand.

4. What is government?
Government – the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
Made up of people who exercise its powers, all those who have authority and control over the people
Public policies – things governments decide to do
Taxation
Education
Defense
Crime
healthcare

5. Government must have power in order to enforce their public policies
Legislative – power to make laws
Executive – power to enforce laws
Judicial – power to interpret laws
Typically a Constitution is used to define what powers the government has

6. The State
State = a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (with a government), and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority
Can vary greatly in size, military power, economic importance, etc.
LEGAL ENTITY

7. Requirements to be a State
Population (can be any size)
Ex. San Marino only has 30,000 citizens while China has 1.3 billion)
Territory (can be any size)
Ex. San Marino only covers 24 square miles while Russia has 6.6 million)
Sovereignty (supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies – not subordinate to any other authority)
Ex. Florida is not a state, but the US is b/c Florida has to answer to the national government
Government

8. Major Political Ideas
Create the graphic organizer below using pg 7 of your textbook.
Include picture for each theory and examples
Force theory
Divine right theory
Evolutionary theory
Social contract theory
Political Ideas

9. Force theory
Divine right theory
Evolutionary theory
Social contract theory

10. Purpose of Government
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

11. In order to form a more perfect union
Believed that there was strength in unity
A union had to be UNITED and powerful
Links people together

12. Establish justice Laws must be reasonable, fair, and impartial
“Justice is the most sacred of the duties of government.”
Court system

13. Insure Domestic Tranquility
Order, not chaos
Keeping the peace at home

14. Provide for the Common Defense
Defending the nation against foreign enemies
Security
Protection

15. Promote the General Welfare
Acting as the servant of the citizens
Ex. Public schools!
Protecting environment, food/drink standards

16. Secure the Blessings of Liberty
Founding fathers prized liberty above all else
Certain freedoms are protected by laws but others are limited
Ie, freedom of speech vs. stealing

17. Forms of Government How to classify a government:
Who can participate in the governing process?
What is the geographic distribution of governmental power within the state?
What is the relationship between the legislative (law-making) and t he executive (law-executing) branches of the government?

18. Categories based on who can participate in the governing process
Dictatorship
Democracy

19. Dictatorship
Dictatorship – those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people
Government is not accountable for its policies or how they are carried out
Authoritarian – those in power hold absolute and unchallengeable authority over the people
Many are also totalitarian – exercise complete power over nearly every aspect of human affairs
Typically militaristic and gain power by force
Can be either autocratic or oligarchic
Autocracy – government in which a single person holds unlimited political power
Oligarchy – a government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self- appointed elite

20. Democracy
Democracy – supreme political authority rests with the people
The people hold sovereign power
Government is conducted only by and with the consent of the people
Can be either direct or indirect
Direct – pure democracy – everyone votes on every issue all the time
Not practical, only useful in very small communities
Indirect – representative democracy – the people vote for someone to represent them who will then vote on the issues
United States!

21. Categories based on geographic distribution of power
Unitary
Federal
Confederal

22. Geographic Distribution of Power – pg 14-15
Unitary
Federal
Confederal

23. Unitary Government
Central government is all-powerful; whole government exists as a single UNIT
Local governments may be an extension of the central government, but can only do what the central government allows them to do
Local governments can be eliminated at any time by the central government
Most nations have unitary governments (ex. Great Britain, France…)

24. Federal Governments
Central governments and local governments share power
A constitution usually defines with powers and tasks are given to which government
Central government cannot get rid of local governments and cannot take away rights of local governments
Ex. U.S. – power is shared between federal and state governments

25. Confederal Governments
A number of independent states or countries get together and act together, often with regards to trade and foreign policy
Weak central government - Individual states don’t give up any independence or authority
Often all members need to agree before they can act and members can leave at any time
Ex. European Union

26. Categories based on relationship between Legislative and Executive Branches
Parliamentary
Presidential

27. Parliamentary
Executive branch is made up of the prime minister or premier, and that official’s cabinet
Prime minister and cabinet members are all members of the legislative branch, or parliament
Therefore, executive branch is chosen by legislature, is a part of it, and is subject to its direct control

28. Presidential
Separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government
Branches are independent and equal
President (chief executive) is chosen independently of the legislature, holds office for a fixed term, and has his own powers separate from the legislature

29. Foundations of Democracy
Worth of the individual
Each person matters and each person deserves to be taken care of
Taxes…
Equality of all persons
Equality of opportunity
Equality before the law
Majority rule, minority rights
Prevents the majority from getting too powerful
Majority must always treat the minority fairly and listen to their opinions
Necessity of compromise
Individual freedom, though limited
You’re free to do as you please within the laws and as long as you’re not infringing on someone else’s freedom

30. Free Enterprise System, AKA capitalism
Private ownership of goods
Individual initiative – it’s up to the individual to succeed or fail
Competition
Law of supply and demand – the goods that are produced should be determined by how much is needed/wanted
When there are lots of goods, price drops
When goods are scarce, prices raise
Government doesn’t interfere at all for any reason

31. Mixed economy
Capitalism can be hurtful to the poor, sick, and elderly – if you can’t succeed, TOO BAD
So…a mixed economy Involves both free enterprise system and government regulated economy
Ex. USA! – we have free markets but the government still chips in to protect people and maintain competition
Education, postal service, roads, public transportation, etc.