1. What’s the difference between a mineral and a rock?
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What’s the difference between a mineral and a rock?

2. 2/3 The Launch Pad Wednesday, 2/22/17
A mineral is a naturally occurring, solid chemical substance that has a characteristic chemical composition that can be expressed by chemical symbols and formulas.
Examples of minerals include gold (Au), calcite (CaCO3), and halite (NaCl.)

3. Examples of rocks include granite, limestone, and marble.
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A rock is a mixture of minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition.
Examples of rocks include granite, limestone, and marble.

4. The Elements of the Rock-Forming Minerals
The eight elements that compose most (98.5%) rock-forming minerals are oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg).
The most abundant atoms in Earth’s crust are oxygen (46.6% by weight) and silicon (27.7% by weight)
Composition of the Continental Crust

5. The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle is the Earth system that depicts the interrelationships among the three general categories of rocks.

6. The Rock Cycle
Molten magma in the upper mantle rises into the lithosphere, where it cools and crystallizes to form igneous rock.
Over time, this igneous rock is weathered (eroded) by liquid water, ice and/or wind into sediment.
The sediment is eventually deposited in layers, which are compacted by the weight of the layers above. The process of cementation forms sedimentary rocks. This is called lithification.
Over time heat from below and pressure from above can cause these sedimentary rocks to change form and change into metamorphic rock.
If subjected to continuing heat and pressure, the metamorphic rocks can melt to become magma and the cycle begins again.

7. The Rock Cycle sediment IGNEOUS ROCK weathering from wind and water
cooling and crystallization
(solidification)
compaction pressure (lithification)
The Rock Cycle
lava
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
heat and pressure
(morphing)
rising to surface
extreme heat
(melting)
magma
METAMORPHIC ROCK

8. The Rock Cycle
The full cycle does not always take place due to “shortcuts” or interruptions.
Sedimentary rock melts
Sedimentary rock is weathered
Metamorphic rock weathers
Igneous rock is metamorphosed

9. What are the three major types of rocks?
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What are the three major types of rocks?
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic

10. Identify the type of rock in each picture.
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Identify the type of rock in each picture.
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary