1. ROCK UNIT INTRODUCTION Minerals

2. What is the difference between Rocks & Minerals?  Minerals are made of one or more of the 92 elements in the Earth’s crust.  Rocks are made of one or more types of minerals.  Rocks are made up of an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and they don’t have a specific chemical composition.  Minerals are made of one or more of the 92 elements in the Earth’s crust.  Rocks are made of one or more types of minerals.  Rocks are made up of an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and they don’t have a specific chemical composition.

3. MATTER  All matter is in the form of ELEMENTS or COMPOUNDS

4. MATTER  Element Made of only one kind of atom Examples  Hydrogen (H)  Oxygen (O)  Gold (Au)  Element Made of only one kind of atom Examples  Hydrogen (H)  Oxygen (O)  Gold (Au)

5. MATTER  Compound Made of more than one element Examples  Water (H 2 O) Hydrogen & Oxygen  Salt (NaCl) Sodium & Chlorine  Compound Made of more than one element Examples  Water (H 2 O) Hydrogen & Oxygen  Salt (NaCl) Sodium & Chlorine

6. MATTER  Oxygen (O)  Iron (Fe)  Potassium (K)  Silicon (Si)  Oxygen (O)  Iron (Fe)  Potassium (K)  Silicon (Si)  Calcium (Ca)  Magnesium (Mg)  Aluminum (Al)  Sodium (Na)  Calcium (Ca)  Magnesium (Mg)  Aluminum (Al)  Sodium (Na) Most common elements in the Earth’s crust:

7. MINERALS All minerals have five things in common: 1.Naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature 2.Formed from non-living geologic processes (inorganic) 3.Made of one element or a compound of elements 4.Forms a crystalline structure 5.Specific chemical composition (eg. Halite (salt) is NaCl) All minerals have five things in common: 1.Naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature 2.Formed from non-living geologic processes (inorganic) 3.Made of one element or a compound of elements 4.Forms a crystalline structure 5.Specific chemical composition (eg. Halite (salt) is NaCl)

8. Six Common Rock Forming Minerals  Quartz  Feldspar  Mica  Halite  Hematite  Hornblende  Quartz  Feldspar  Mica  Halite  Hematite  Hornblende

9. Minerals are Formed  Molten  Magma cools slowly, large crystals form  Lava cools quickly, small crystals form  Solutes  Solutions become saturated, minerals form  Solutions evaporate, minerals form  Metamorphism  Over time, heat and pressure below the earth’s surface create minerals such as jade  Molten  Magma cools slowly, large crystals form  Lava cools quickly, small crystals form  Solutes  Solutions become saturated, minerals form  Solutions evaporate, minerals form  Metamorphism  Over time, heat and pressure below the earth’s surface create minerals such as jade

10. MINERALS Tests for identifying minerals 1.Luster 2.Hardness 3.Streak 4.Specific Density 5.Other tests Tests for identifying minerals 1.Luster 2.Hardness 3.Streak 4.Specific Density 5.Other tests

11. MINERALS Luster - How mineral reflects light  Metallic - reflects light to look like metal  Nonmetallic - dull, pearly, glassy, silky Luster - How mineral reflects light  Metallic - reflects light to look like metal  Nonmetallic - dull, pearly, glassy, silky

12. MINERALS Hardness - Compare mineral to hardness of other known minerals  Uses Moh’s scale from 1 to 10  1 = Talc (easily scratched with fingernail  8 = Topaz (scratches quartz)  10 = Diamond (no simple test) Hardness - Compare mineral to hardness of other known minerals  Uses Moh’s scale from 1 to 10  1 = Talc (easily scratched with fingernail  8 = Topaz (scratches quartz)  10 = Diamond (no simple test)

13. MINERALS Streak - Color of mark when rubbed against unglazed pottery (Like chalk on sidewalk)

14. MINERALS Density - How tightly matter of mineral is packed together Formula Density (D) = Mass (M) Volume (V) Density - How tightly matter of mineral is packed together Formula Density (D) = Mass (M) Volume (V)

15. MINERALS-Other Properties  Color  Cleavage/Fracture- How the mineral breaks  Crystal Shape  Crystal Structure  Magnetism  Fluorescence  Reactivity to acid  Color  Cleavage/Fracture- How the mineral breaks  Crystal Shape  Crystal Structure  Magnetism  Fluorescence  Reactivity to acid