1. stages control devices thrust arrangement
payload adapter: joins payload to rocket
payload fairing: protective envelope around payload
interstage adapter: structure connecting stages
tanks: carry oxidizer (no air in space) and fuel; integrated into structure
nozzles: convert combustion products into thrust
stage: a complete rocket “unit” (propellant, engine, structure)
stages
control devices
canards
fins
single stage
multi-stage
thrust arrangement
vanes in nozzle
gimbaled thrust
series
parallel

3. ailerons: provide roll control
pylons: attach engines to aircraft
wings: provide lift
elevators: pitch control
spoilers: disrupt flow (reduce lift & increase drag)
horizontal stabilizer: longitudinal (pitch) stability
flaps: provide additional lift (trailing edge)
vertical stabilizer (fin): lateral (yaw) stability
nacelles: enclose engines
fuselage: envelope around payload and crew
rudder: yaw control
nose gear: ground steering
main gear: support aircraft weight on ground